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The turn of the twentieth century was a period of rapid decline in infant- and child mortality and a time of industrialization and urbanization in Sweden. It was also a period of growing social disparities in childhood mortality. The inequality in child survival was connected to a range of factors, including access to water- and sanitation, housing conditions, infant care, and possibly nutrition.

Background Advocates of short-stem THA suggest that these devices preserve proximal femoral bone for future revisions. This contention is as yet unsupported by robust evidence, and ultimately, it will be irrelevant if short-stem THA increases the overall risk of premature revision. To our knowledge, large, registry-based efforts have yet to explore the types of stems used in first-time stem revisi

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether relationships between work-related variables such as work engagement and job performance are explained by individual differences in personality. We tested this in a novel sample of leaders only (N = 344). Partial correlational analyses showed that controlling for brief Big Five personality scales lowered the explained variance on average

This chapter deals with visually impaired individuals’ experiences of learning and participation in education and working life. Health literacy is important at an individual and organisational level aiming at eliminating barriers and promoting equal opportunities for the visually impaired (SDG 10: Reduced inequality within and among countries). This study reveals that visually impaired individuals

Digital twins – realistic digital representations of physical entities, connected by real-time data flow – have spread into varied sectors of society. One sector that deserves further attention is the digital twinning of urban areas. The quick deployment of digital twins of cities and their interactions with the material and social elements of the 'smart city' have been enabled by discourses of te

A new scientific view of evolution is emerging—one that challenges and expands our understanding of how evolution works. Recent research demonstrates that organisms differ greatly in how effective they are at evolving. Whether and how each organism adapts and diversifies depends critically on the mechanistic details of how that organism operates—its development, physiology, and behavior. That is b

Transdisciplinary research (TDR) seeks to involve non-academic perspectives from the start, ensuring that research draws on diverse knowledge to better address “wicked” problems. Since TDR researchers have to engage with non-academic perspectives throughout the research process, this chapter focuses on the kind of communication practices that are appropriate and effective for engaging with people

This paper explores uncertainties experienced by suppliers involved in their customers' product development projects. The study introduces a model for classifying different types of involvement, which is used to identify uncertainties and effects across the various types. Empirical data originates from a multiple case study involving four SME suppliers. Four types of uncertainty are identified. Th

The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to assess the feasibility of a moderate intensity cycling intervention in persons with lower limb lymphedema (LLL) and to explore its potential benefits. Thirty-three participants were included for an 8-week intervention of home-based exercise and randomized to an intervention group (IG) with cycling 3-5 times a week, 30-60 minutes, or to

Considering end-users is key in the transition towards the circular economy. Without the participation of the user, the circular economy will not be realized. However, in order to engage, users need to perceive the opportunity of contributing to the circular economy, and the product must include the user through activities that support circular goals. In this paper, the perceptual product experien

The digital era has brought about new security challenges. Security in the digital context is neither border centric nor a traditional security threat that can be contained into individual behaviour or which respects traditional borders. It may affect both privacy issues at the individual level and state security. What does this mean for the tools and adjudicative methods of EU law which are used

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is sensitive to the microstructural properties of brain tissue. However, estimating clinically and scientifically relevant microstructural properties from the measured signals remains a highly challenging inverse problem that machine learning may help solve. This study investigated if recently developed rotationally invariant spherical convolutional neural netw

The transition to a more decentralised energy system, by diversifying energy supply, and expanding renewable energy, is a declared EU objective as is evident from the Clean Energy for All Package. The EU has identified Energy Communities as one of the organisational forms that can facilitate this transition. Greece is a critical case within Europe. Research indicates that Energy Communities could

Legumin and vicilin, the main storage proteins from peas, are increasingly employed as functional ingredients for food. The purpose of this work was to better understand the interactions between these proteins and selected lipids, due to their potential consequences on interfacial functionality of protein preparations. Legumin and vicilin isolates were obtained after isoelectric precipitation foll

One of the major contributors to the increasing complexity of integrated circuits, is the datapath logic, responsible for data transformations and manipulations. As performance demands increase, the complexity of these datapath logic increases, making the functional verification both tedious and expensive. A single undetected bug in this logic can compromise the system integrity, highlighting the

Modern telecommunications equipment places increasing demands on energy efficiency, driven by both environmental concerns, rising electricity costs, and the strain on national power grids. This thesis investigates practical ways to reduce power consumption in radios, particularly in the downlink digital signal processing chain. Our findings were tested on two platforms, a validation board and an i

Structural design and risk management typically involve uncertainties related to structural performance and loading conditions, which must be effectively managed to ensure compliance with safety requirements. Additionally, the relationships among parameters influencing structural performance are often complex and not easily discernible, thereby complicating the decision-making process. To address

Exposure to urban air pollution during early pregnancy is associated with increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia (PE), and there is an urgent need to understand how air pollution affects biological mechanisms in the placenta. Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal placental macrophages that regulate immune tolerance in the placenta. They are normally polarized towards an anti