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Popular Abstract in Swedish Statistik handlar om att beskriva slumpmässiga händelser. Genom att bygga matematiska modeller för hur slumpen beter sig kan man beräkna hur troliga olika händelser är. Skilda ämnen har nytta av olika slags slumpmodeller, men slumpens lagar är universella! Därför kan en slumpmodell som utvecklats inom ett ämne senare visa sig användbar inom ett helt annat. Min avhandlinThis thesis explores models and algorithms in geostatistics and gene mapping. The first part deals with the use of computationally effective lattice models for inference of data with a continuous spatial index. The fundamental idea is to approximate a Gaussian field with a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) on a lattice, and then to conduct a bilinear interpolation of this at non-lattice location

Background: A contralateral occult inguinal hernia is frequently observed in patients planned for a unilateral laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Surgical strategy for contralateral groin management in patients scheduled for an endo-laparoscopic unilateral inguinal hernia repair is controversial and based on questionable evidence. This study aimed to gather international opinion concerning the s

This thesis is a collection of four studies on pronominal anaphora resolution with a focus on first language (L1) attrition and prosody. In Study I, we explored the temporariness of attrition effects on anaphora resolution in L1 Italian speakers who moved to Sweden after puberty (i.e., late bilinguals). An experimental group of 20 late Italian-Swedish bilinguals and a control group of 21 Italian m

Microbial degradation of lignin and its related aromatic compounds has great potential for the sustainable production of chemicals and bioremediation of contaminated soils. We previously isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain 9.1 from historical waste deposits (forming so-called fiber banks) released from pulp and paper mills along the Baltic Sea coast. The strain accumulated vanillyl alcohol during grow

The ecological impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on phenological events such as reproductive timing is increasingly recognized. In birds, previous experiments under controlled conditions showed that ALAN strongly advances gonadal growth, but effects on egg-laying date are less clear. In particular, effects of ALAN on timing of egg laying are found to be year-dependent, suggesting an inter

Introduction Including the patient perspective is important to achieve optimal outcomes in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ample qualitative studies exist on patient outcomes in RA. A Belgian study recently unravelled what matters most to patients throughout the overwhelming and rapidly evolving early stage of RA. The present study, European Qualitative research project on Patient-pref

Background The aim of the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) Study was to compare patients with essential hypertension receiving calcium-antagonist-based treatment with diltiazem and similar patients receiving conventional diuretic/beta-blocker-based treatment, with respect to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objective To assess the influence of age, sex, severity of hypertension and heart rate on t

Vibrationally resolved N2+ (B–X) (1–2) and (0–1) emission bands were recorded after photoexcitation of N2 in the 20–46 eV energy range. The branching ratio between these transitions reveals strong non-Franck–Condon effects. Ab initio calculations using a configuration interaction method based on Kohn–Sham orbitals indicate that the autoionisation of certain superexcited states is responsible for s

Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods have demonstrated a strong potential for inference on the state variables in Bayesian dynamic models. In this context, it is also often needed to calibrate model parameters. To do so, we consider block maximum likelihood estimation based either on EM (Expectation-Maximization) or gradient methods. In this approach, the key ingredient is the computation of smoot

Several studies reported an association between CSF alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and demonstrated the significance of α-syn in improving the diagnostic sensitivity/specificity of classical AD CSF biomarkers. In the current study, we measured CSF levels of different α-syn species in a cohort of AD patients (n = 225) who showed a CSF profile typical of AD at baseline

The very slow water exchange on Pt(H2O)42+ was studied in the temperature range 273 to 334 K and pressure range 0.1 to 228 MPa by 17O FTNMR, following the increase in height of the signal from bound water observed when platinum(II) solutions are mixed with 17O enriched water. The much faster water exchange on Pd(H2O)42+ was studied in the temperature range 240 to 345 K and pressure range 0.1 to 26

PURPOSE:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common human sarcoma and a model of targeted molecular therapy. GIST depends on oncogenic KIT signaling and responds to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. However, imatinib is rarely curative. We hypothesized that PLX3397, which inhibits KIT and colony-stimulating-factor-1 receptor (CSF1R), would be more efficacious than imatinib in GI

The aim of this study is to describe the environmental and climate changes that occurred in the mountains of Aubrac at the transition between the Lateglacial and the Holocene, from a comparative analysis of fossil Coleoptera and pollen, and a series of 23 14C dates. The changes affecting the ecological categories of Coleoptera lead to a division of the sequence into 5 beetle assemblage zones (BAZ)

Harvesting of wood for bioenergy purpose will probably increase in importance in the future, in order to replace fossil fuel. However, the environmental impact of increased harvesting might be considerable, e.g. on soil and water chemistry, biodiversity and long-term productivity, and in this study we investigate thresholds for sustainable harvesting volumes. The study is based on scientific revie

The brilliance and the sufferings of the literary critique in its first instance cannot be separated from the brilliance and suffering of the critic who firstly assesses the work. The question is whether the literary reviewer has become responsible only with public relations and the promotion of the book; more of a blurb generator - which means simple incandescent signaling - than analyzer.

Identification of determinants of fate choices in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is essential to improve the clinical use of HSCs and to enhance our understanding of the biology of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here, we show that high-mobility group AT hook 2 (HMGA2), a nonhistone chromosomal-binding protein, is highly and preferentially expressed in HSCs and in the most immature progenitor

The impact of metal pollution on plant communities has been studied extensively in the past, but little is known about the effects of metal pollution on fungal communities that occur in metal-polluted soils. Metal-tolerant ecotypes of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus are frequently found in pioneer pine forests in the Campine region in Belgium on metal-polluted soils. We hypothesized that

Changes in the inlet morphology of choked coastal lagoons often restrict the water exchange with the sea, making them vulnerable to pollution release and eutrophication processes. In this study, the role of tides for the water exchange was investigated in a choked lagoon for critical scenarios during the low river flow season. Both an integrated and spatially distributed approach were employed usi

Coherent radiation from a relativistic electron beam is a valuable way to overcome the present limitations of conventional lasers and synchrotron radiation light sources. The typical scheme has electrons, directly from a linac, in a single-pass interaction with a laser pulse in the presence of a static undulator magnetic field. We demonstrate that a storage-ring free-electron laser can also achiev