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The objective of this study was to calculate indicative ranges of production costs and assess the main sources of cost for a number of energy crops, both annual and perennial, on a regional level in Europe. The production costs were calculated in terms of the economic compensation required by the farmer in order to grow the crop, and therefore include not only the cost of cultivation, but also the
Alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1m) is a small glycoprotein with immunomodulatory properties. It is a member of the lipocalin family, a group of proteins that exhibit a well-conserved three-dimensional structure despite low sequence identity and that are known to bind small hydrophobic ligands. The types of ligands carried by alpha1m are still unknown, but it is known that this protein has yellow-brown
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling föreslår förbättringar av vissa verktyg som svenska myndigheter använder för samhällssäkerhet och krishantering; krishanteringsutvärderingar, krishanteringsövningar samt organisatoriska riskbedömningar. Avhandlingen undersöker även hur visualiseringar av säkerhetskulturdata kan stödja utveckling av säkerhetskultur. Forskningen motiverades av praktiska bThis thesis suggests improvements of selected parts of the Swedish authorities’ toolkits for societal safety and crisis management; crisis response evaluations, crisis management exercises and organizational risk assessments. The thesis also explores how visualizations of safety culture data can be used to support safety culture development. The research was motivated by practical needs and delive
This paper presents the method and performance of primary vertex reconstruction in proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 1 of the LHC. The studies presented focus on data taken during 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of s=8 TeV. The performance has been measured as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing over a wide range, from one to seventy.
Based on a study of Swedish and Finnish industrial design consultancies (IDCs) we discuss how changes in industry have affected id-consultancies cope with growth, organizational and management issues. The traditional industrial designer worked in a small consultancy mainly with clients focusing on mass-produced products. The clients were basically domestic even if they operated worldwide. Investme
Carotid surgery prevents recurrent stroke in patients with symptomatic tight stenosis of the carotid artery. The Swedish Carotid Surgery Monitoring Registry seeks to promote selection of patients with significant spontaneous risk for recurrent stroke, with an eye toward expediting evaluation and minimizing surgical complications. To this end, professionals at participating hospitals are informed a
The world-famous 'Orsten' Konservat-Lagerstätte has yielded detailed information about Cambrian arthropods and their morphology. Internal organs or soft tissues have, however, rarely been reported, an obvious palaeobiological drawback. In this study, we employed synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) to study microscopic 'Orsten' arthropods from the Cambrian of Sweden: Skara mi
The paper reports a project conducted within the framework of the National Library of Sweden's Expert Group on Library Statistics. The project is financed by the National Library of Sweden, and it aims to capture how library managements make use of the current library statistics (based on the ISO-standard) in the decision-making process. Questions are also asked about the quality and usefulness of
The evolution of phenotypic plasticity requires a number of conditions. Selection of plasticity is favoured when the organism experience environmental change, costs are low and cues are reliable about the environmental heterogeneity. However, organisms living in stable environments, not showing constitutive traits but a large amount of plasticity, are predicted to demonstrate high rates of gene fl
There were around one million apartments built in Sweden during 1965 to 1974 as part of the so called Swedish Million Programme, almost half of them concentrated in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmoe. These building are now considered unattractive. The need of renovation is urgent in many aspects -ventilation, windows, balconies, facades and sanitary pipe replacement. The total investment cost for t
There is a paucity of research in the field of communicating disasters and climate change through comics and the effect sequential art has on the perception of these two subjects. Increasingly, communication through comics is becoming very trendy, and a few studies demonstrate evidence that comics have effects on the people’s perception of complex matters. In order to extend our understanding of w
Ett patent är en immateriell rättighet som medför en ensamrätt för patenthavaren att dra affärsmässig nytta av en viss uppfinning under en begränsad tidsperiod. Den som kränker patenthavarens ensamrätt gör sig skyldig till patentintrång. Vid patentintrång tillhandahåller den svenska patentlagen (1967:837) ett antal olika sanktionsmöjligheter. De primära civilrättsliga sanktionsformerna utgörs av pA patent is a kind of intellectual property right that grants the patent holder an exclusive right to profit from a certain invention for a limited time period. Anyone who violates the patent holder's exclusive right is guilty of patent infringement. In cases of patent infringement the Swedish Patent Act (patentlag 1967: 837) provides a number of different sanction options. The primary civil s
Advances in crystal growth allow for precise control of crystal phase in semiconductor nanowires. The arising novel materials, like wurtzite gallium arsenide (wz-GaAs), are promising options for new and improved, mainly optoelectronic devices. To do this, however, intensive investigation into their electroninc band structure is needed. This can for example be achieved by optical spectroscopy like
Masshanteringsfall är ett uttryck för situationer där en näringsidkare sköter en stor mängd av likartade ärende mot konsumentkollektivet. Ärendehanteringen sker i enlighet med rutiner som näringsidkaren själv bygger upp, i syfte att minska sina transaktionskostnader. Konsumenten använder däremot det system som marknadsförs av näringsidkaren, utan att ha djupa kunskaper om hur näringsidkaren har ko”Masshanteringsfall” is an expression of situations where a business owner handles a large number of same cases towards consumers. Examples of such cases is payment by credit card, demand for payment, leasing of different objects etc. A business owner often has a defective system about evidence of different circumstances in such cases. A business owner cannot prove, for example, if a consumer has
Utifrån rättsdogmatisk metod har uppsatsen formulerat vilka de rättsliga definitionerna av nödvärnsrätten och envarsgripande är, problematiserat vilka problem som kan uppstå och var gränserna går. Jag har vidare tittat på samhällsstrukturers uppkomst, härledningar och definitioner. Även vad som är önskvärt och vad konsekvenserna blir när de inte överensstämmer med medborgares allmänna rättsmedvetaBased on legal-judicial methodology, the essay has formulated what the legal definitions of the right of self-defense and citizen’s arrest are, problematized which problems that can arise and where the lines are drawn. I have looked at what is desirable and what the consequences may be when they do not comply with the general publics sense of justice. I have especially looked at the possible emerg
Den här uppsatsen handlar om hur bolag i en intressegemenskap gör värdeöverföringar mellan varandra i form av koncernbidrag samt internprissättning. På grund av skatteflyktsbestämmelsers vaghet kan bolag inte direkt förutse om ett förfarande är skatteflykt. Koncernbidrag kan göras avdrag på om det uppfyller de kraven som finns i 35 kap inkomstskattelagen. Dock kan skatteflyktslagen fortfarandThis essay is about how companies in a community of interest make value transfers between each other in the form of group contributions and transfer pricing. Due to the vagueness of Swedish tax evasion regulations, companies can not directly predict when a transaction is considered tax evasion. Group contributions can be deducted from a companies income but only if the comany meets the requir
Hur används koldioxidbudgetar för att hushålla med kommunernas kvarstående utsläpp? Det finns endast en begränsad mängd koldioxid kvar att släppa ut om världen ska ha en trolig chans att hålla sig inom Parisavtalets målsättning om en global temperaturökning på 1,5 – 2 °C. Denna mängd finns beräknad av IPCC och benämns i deras rapporter som ”den kvarstående koldioxidbudgeten”. På senare år har detIn recent years it has become increasingly common for Swedish municipalities to calculate local carbon budgets (LCB) that reflects their fair share of the remaining common global carbon budget. The actions can be viewed as an attempt to make a fair contribution in compliance with the Paris Agreement. However, little is known about how Swedish municipalities uses their LCB:s in their daily work and
Aktiebolaget är dagens absolut mest populära bolagsform. Den är i Sverige ungefär 250 år gammal och har naturligt utvecklats i takt med samhället. Sedan Sverige gick med i EU har dock en trend kunnat ses där kravet på aktiekapital i privata bolag minskat. Detta har skett genom den konkurrenssituation som uppstått på den inre marknaden inom EU. Denna konkurrenssituation har uppstått som ett resultaLimited companies are today's most popular form of companies in Sweden. Limited companies has existed in Sweden about 250 years and has naturally evolved in line with society. However, since Sweden joined the EU, a trend has been seen where the requirement for share capital in private companies has decreased. This has been done through the competitive situation that has arisen in the internal
