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Av företrädesprincipen följer att EUF-fördragets bestämmelser om fri rörlighet och icke-diskriminering har företräde framför nationell rätt. Innebörden av principen är bland annat att nationella domstolar vid rättstillämpningen har att åsidosätta en nationell reglering som är oförenlig med EUF-fördraget. Kommissionen har till uppgift att kontrollera så att medlemsstaterna uppfyller EU-rättens bestAs a consequence of the supremacy doctrine, the provisions of free movement and non-discrimination in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), prevail over national legislation. Pursuant to this principle, a national regulation inconsistent with the TFEU must be set aside in national court proceedings. The Commission shall ensure that the Member States comply with the regulation

Det här examensarbetet fokuserar på att designa och konstruera en ny typ av instrument för att studera plankton och den miljö de lever i. Arbetet utnyttjar de framsteg som gjorts inom små diod-lasrar och små kamerasensorer tillsammans med innovativ optik för att konstruera ett kompakt och relativt billigt instrument som på avstånd kan upptäcka individuella plankton på flera djup samtidigt och på saThis thesis is oriented around designing the world first inelastic hyperspectral LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) system for aquatic use. The system was designed around the task of monitoring zooplankton and environmental indicators in water. Scheimpflug lidar was previously developed for monitoring flying insects, aerosols and gases. Here we extend the concept to inelastic hyperspectral ranging ca

A multi-antenna base station (BS) can spatially multiplex a few terminals over the same bandwidth, a technique known as multi-user, multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO). A new idea in cellular MU-MIMO is the use of a large excess of BS antennas to serve several single-antenna terminals simultaneously. This so-called "massive MIMO" promises attractive gains in spectral efficiency with

To catalyse transition toward a more sustainable economy, the European Union is proposing several policy interventions within the regulatory framework governing the financial sector. As part of this effort, a new EU Eco-label policy for green investment funds seeks to (i) facilitate individual investor participation in the sustainable investment market and (ii) increase private sector investments

Indonesia has implemented national policies and legislations to encourage biofuel production as means to achieve energy security and self-sufficiency and to reduce reliance of fossil fuel reserves. However, there is still no clear road-map for the socio-technological transition. While acknowledging economic impediments, this case study investigates social and political obstacles to bioethanol prod

What is the thread that connects all the various actors and events that contributed to the rise of piracy in Somalia? The paper addresses the evolution of Somali piracy, focusing on its emergence, since it is that transformational aspect that provides the most richly insightful perspectives. Working from Thomas, Kiser, and Casebeer’s Warlords Rising: Confronting Violent Non-State Actors, an excell

Tidigare undersökningar har visat att inflödet av metaller till Lillsjön är högre än utflödet. Detta ledde till att följande studie fokuserades på metallinnehållet i Lillsjöns bottensediment för att utvärdera om den urbana omgivningen påverkar Lillsjön i negativ bemärkelse. Lillsjön är en populär badsjö belägen i ett rekreationsområde nära centrala Östersund. I avrinningsområdet finns mestadels skMetal contamination of lakes can bring negative effects to aquatic biota, and to the general health of the ecosystem. Urban discharge is a known source of common metals. In cold regions, snow disposal sites further enhances the risk of contaminating recipient lakes, due to accumulation of pollutants. The importance of this source is poorly known and is further investigated in this study. Metal con

Ever since Scalado was founded in the year 2000, the company has grown remarkably fast compared to other mobile software companies. Today the company has a turnover of about SEK 150 million and is one of the largest middleware companies in the mobile phone industry. Scalado’s core business lies within mobile imaging solutions and their technology is present in more than 600 million mobile phones.

ABSTRACT The domestic violence among lgbt - persons is a social problem and should be treated as such. Until now it has not been investigated as much as domestic violence amongst heterosexuals. This despite the fact that it is known that between 20 and 50 % (Alexander 2002) of homosexual couples have suffered from it. In other words it is as common as within heterosexual couples. The science and r

Object tracking algorithms and motion triggered alarms are often dis- turbed by shadows. It is challenging to separate between moving objects and shadows since they have similar movement patterns and image prop- erties. In this thesis, three different approaches to detect shadows are developed and evaluated. The identified shadows determine what parts of the image not to track and what alarms to i

I samband med att vi människor bor allt tätare och träffas allt oftare, ökar tyvärr även spridningen av virus. Det som tidigare i historien var en epidemi, blir nu snabbt en pandemi (t.ex. coronapandemin med start 2020). Mot denna bakgrund står det klart att vårt immunförsvar spelar en avgörande roll för vår hälsa och i sin tur samhällets funktion. Vår bästa metod är som bekant att träna upp vårt Interactions between T-cells and other body cells is an essential part of the immune system. It involves the binding between surface receptors of the two cells. Specifically, T-cell receptors (TCRs) bind onto pMHC (peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex) molecules on the partnering cell surface. This way, a cell signal from the TCR to the nucleus can be initiated. Depending on the "m

The main topic of this thesis is the storage location assignment problem, which can also be seen as a traveling salesman problem. The objective is to find the shortest path between items to be picked at a medium-sized warehouse. Orders come in batches consisting of items that will be assembled in-house. Therefore, it is essential to pick up all the items contained in the batch before they are drop

BACKGROUND In the lamination process the use of surface treatment is necessary to improve the adhesion between the different layers of the packaging material. Surface treatment can be described as Techniques which change the surface characters without affecting properties of the bulk materials. One of the surface treatments is the ozone treatment where the ozone is applied to the hot melt just be

Trade Unions are finding it increasingly challenging to appeal to employees and all trade unions alike are encountering new challenges to attract and retain members. Additionally a more diversified and educated labor market is creating demands for trade unions to better meet individual needs. The purpose of this study was to explore and analyze the role of branding in Unionen, the largest white-co

We report on the preparation of high performance field-effect transistors (FETs) based on large areas of aligned films of a TTF derivative, namely, tetrakis-(octadecylthio)-tetrathiafulvalene (TTF-4SC18). TTF-4SC18 assembles into one-dimensional stacks in which the long alkyl chains promote intermolecular π-π overlapping due to their extremely closely packed nature. The films were prepared from so

Acute leukemia affects individuals of all ages and encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies driven by genetic alterations that give rise to leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which sustain self-renewal and drive the expansion of abnormal cells. Based on how these alterations affect maturation, acute leukemia is classified into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Acute leukemia affects individuals of all ages and encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies driven by genetic alterations that give rise to leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which sustain self-renewal and drive the expansion of abnormal cells. Based on how these alterations affect maturation, acute leukemia is classified into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Psykiatriska tillstånd och psykiska besvär är vanligt förekommande hos ungdomar och vid bedömning av psykisk ohälsa har företrädesvis retrospektiv självskattning använts, som innehåller mätfel så som recall bias. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) är en relativt ny samling metoder som mäter människors upplevelser så som de inträffar i vardagen. EMA möjliggör reliabla och ekologiskt valida mätniMental health disorders are common in adolescence, and measures of mental health have typically relied on retrospective self-reports that are influenced by measurement errors, such as recall bias. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a relatively new range of methods that assesses experiences as they occur in daily life. EMA enables reliable and ecologically valid measurement of emotions, thou

I södra utkanten av Lomma, längs den långgrunda bukten sträcker sig Öresundsparken. En kort promenad från Alnarp mellan böljande fält. På andra sidan svänger Malmövägen över landskapet. Bakom fyra upprätta flaggstänger ligger ett ljusblått vägcafé. Skylten finns kvar men fönstren är igenspikade. Verksamheten satt på paus. Mellan plattsättningen börjar smala björkar tränga upp. Ljudet av svischande

Energy efficiency in buildings can be understood elaborately by evaluating its operational and embodied energy. Embodied energy is the sum of all the energy that is used to produce materials in a building construction. This study assesses various building parameters e.g. U-value of the materials, Window to Floor Area Ratio (WFR), location, etc. that affect the operational and embodied energy and u