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Popular Abstract in Swedish Syn är avgörande för många djurs överlevnad. En väldigt viktig del av ögat är linsen då ljuset fokuseras genom den. I denna studie har jag undersökt hur fisklinser fokuserar ljus. Valet av fiskar som försöksdjur berodde på att de är lätta att skaffa och deras linser är klotformade, vilket underlättar beräkningen av strålgången och linsens optiska egenskaper. Hos fiskar Vision is an important source of information for many animals. The lens plays a central role in the visual pathway and hence the ecology of these animals. Fish have spherically shaped crystalline lenses that contain a gradient of refractive index. Like all refracting elements, lens performance depends on the wavelength of the refracted light. This wavelength dependent focusing leads to chromatic a

In this paper, the model of moral motivation as developed by Brekke et al (2003) is analysed with the new assumption that self-image is an increasing function of effort. While the effects of increased efficiency and new information on optimal effort levels are largely similar, different results are obtained when individuals are faced with responsibility and economic incentives. Following Brekke et

This thesis examines the ongoing violent situation with the criminal networks in Sweden, what the obligations under article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child entail and to what extent the measures taken by the Swedish government live up to these obligations. Many children today are in various ways being affected by the gang-related violence, especially those who live in the vulner

Objectives We aimed to describe clinical and diagnostic characteristics of primary care patients with heart failure and physicians’ adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for treating chronic heart failure. Design Cross-sectional study based on baseline data from the prospective primary care-based study Heart failure in Southern Sweden (HISS). Setting Patients with heart failure we

RATIONALE: Caffeine is commonly used in preterm infants to improve respiratory function. However, the optimal strategies for caffeine initiation have not been defined. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relative benefits and harms of different indications and timings for caffeine initiation in preterm infants. SEARCH METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and trial registries up to 23 April 2025.

Extensive diversity has been identified in the human heavy chain immunoglobulin locus, including allelic variation, gene duplication, and insertion/deletion events. Several genes have been suggested to be deleted in many haplotypes. Such findings have commonly been based on inference of the germline repertoire from data sets covering antibody heavy chain encoding transcripts. The inference process

PURPOSE In developing countries, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) affects the young population. In Ethiopia, nearly 70% of the population are, 35 years of age. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the age distribution, histopathologic patterns, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of HL in Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from clinical records of 133 consecutive patients with HL between 20

Objectives We investigated gender differences in the association between mortality and general psychological distress (measured by 12-item General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-12), as an increased mortality risk has been shown in community studies, but gender differences are largely unknown. Setting We used data from a cross-sectional population-based public health survey conducted in 2008 in the Swe

OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of all cause and cause specific mortality in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with matched unaffected people from the general population and with their unaffected siblings. DESIGN Population based matched cohort and sibling cohort study. SETTING Register linkage in Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Population based cohort including 61 378 people with OCD a

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy have been confirmed by randomized trials, but current patient selection and outcome of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy in large international cohorts is unknown. This study aimed to compare the use and outcome of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy in North America, the Netherlands, Germany, and Sweden.ME

In the late Middle Ages, hundreds of Christians from all over Europe sent supplications to the Papal Curia to be freed from promises made under duress. This article analyses the supplications about forced marriages that were submitted to the Apostolic Penitentiary during the pontificate of Pope Innocent VIII (1484–92). The study is based on mainly unedited source material that has not been investi

Purpose: High-risk colon cancer may benefit from preoperative chemotherapy (preCHT), but evidence on its short-term safety and outcome is limited. Population-based evidence before its incorporation into national guidelines is lacking. Methods: Patients with final weighted stage II–III colon cancer undergoing elective resection between 2007 and 2017 were identified in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer

Forest conservation has emerged as a key strategy to achieve global climate goals, yet many forest-rich countries remain underfunded. Cambodia, despite its extensive forest cover and high deforestation rates, accesses only a small portion of climate finance to support national mitigation efforts. Developing countries such as Cambodia access only a small share of the substantial annual for national

Background: Explicit weight bias is known as negative attitudes and beliefs toward individuals due to their weight status and can be perpetuated through misconceptions about the causes of obesity. Individuals may also experience weight bias internalization (WBI) when they internalize negative weight-related attitudes and self-stigmatize. There is a paucity of research on the beliefs about the caus

I Sverige minskar den biologiska mångfalden och antalet hotade arter ökar. Ett av de största hoten mot dessa arter och mot biologisk mångfald är förändringar i livsmiljöer. Trots detta fortsätter skogar med höga naturvärden att avverkas och andelen biologiskt skyddsvärd skog minskar. I uppsatsen utreds de EU-rättsliga artskyddsbestämmelserna i fågeldirektivet och habitatdirektivet, och den svensBiodiversity decreases in Sweden and the number of endangered species is increasing. One of the biggest threats to endangered species and biodiversity are changes in natural habitats. Despite this, forests that provide essential natural value, are continuously cut. This paper presents the national and regional EU species protection provisions in the Bird Directive and Habitats Directive and natio

PurposeDrylands account for 47.2% of land area and contain 15.5% of global carbon (C). However, the variation in organic and inorganic C stocks across latitudinal gradients in arid and semiarid shrubland ecosystems remains understudied, and we lack in-depth understanding of the main drivers of C variation at this spatial scale.MethodsHere, we sampled soils from 95 sites across a latitudinal gradie

Popular Abstract in English The gene encoding a β-glucosidase originating from the extreme thermophile Thermotoga neopolitana has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The aim was to produce a thermostable enzyme that could be used to remove sugar residues from glucosylated natural products classified as flavonoids by applying a method combining extraction in hot pressurized water with enThe gene encoding a β-glucosidase originating from the extreme thermophile Thermotoga neopolitana has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The aim was to produce a thermostable enzyme that could be used to remove sugar residues from glucosylated natural products classified as flavonoids by applying a method combining extraction in hot pressurized water with enzymatic hydrolysis. The β-g

Study objective: We evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) level less than 5 ng/L or less than or equal to 14 ng/L at emergency department (ED) presentation, combined with the emergency physician's assessment of history and ECG, for ruling out major adverse cardiac events within 30 days. Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled consecutive

Membrane filtration of kraft black liquor (KBL), a side-stream of the pulp and paper industry, is challenged by membrane fouling caused by its multicomponent complexity. The specific contributions of the components found in KBL to the fouling and the characteristics of the fouling layer that they create has not been investigated. Herein, the adsorptive and desorptive behaviours of KBL ultrafiltrat