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Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids that often are present in increased amounts on tumor cells. Since the gangliosides are hydroxy-acids, they can form lactones. The lactones have been suspected to be more immunogenic than the open forms, but are in practise poor immunogens due to their ease of hydrolysis. This thesis describes the synthesis of the hydrolytically stable lact
Popular Abstract in Swedish En cell förökar sig genom delning. Före delningen måste den växa och fördubbla cellinnehållet för att det ska finnas material till två nya celler. En cellcykel är de händelser som sker från det en cell delat sig tills den delar sig igen [Fig 1]. En cellcykel kan delas in i fyra faser som cellen måste genomgå innan den är mogen att dela sig. Under första fasen, G1, tillvThe polyamines - putrescine, spermidine and spermine - are polycations found within cells. They have been shown to be essential for optimal cell proliferation and cell survival. Cells maintain their polyamine levels in a well-regulated system involving biosynthesis, catabolism and uptake/excretion. The biosynthetic enzymes - ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (Ado
Much research on SMEs is aimed at researching SMEs after the fact that they have become SMEs. However all SMEs as well as larger companies start as an idea in the head or heads of one or many persons - the prospective entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how SMEs can be created by transforming ideas into real companies. More specifically we will investigate if and how Univers
This project, aimed to the digital documentation of archaeological sites, artifacts and cultural relics of the Western Han Dynasty, started in 2008. The anticipated outcome will be the creation of a virtual museum, based on collaborative environments, dedicated to the Western Han Dynasty and able to integrate new archaeological datasets coming from fieldwork activities (most part of them unpublish
The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) is a time scale based on annual layer counting of high-resolution records from Greenland ice cores. Whereas the Holocene part of the time scale is based on various records from the DYE-3, the GRIP, and the NorthGRIP ice cores, the glacial part is solely based on NorthGRIP records. Here we present an 18 ka extension of the time scale such that GICC05
The ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) comprise a large family of multidomain proteins with cell-binding and metalloprotease activities. The ADAM12 cysteine-rich domain (rADAM12-cys) supports cell attachment using syndecan-4 as a primary cell surface receptor that subsequently triggers beta(1) integrin-dependent cell spreading, stress fiber assembly, and focal adhesion formation. This proce
I en globaliserad värld står ICC inför svåra utmaningar i fullgörandet av sitt uppdrag att inte lämna de allvarligaste av brott, som angår det internationella samfundet, ostraffade. Stater som inte är parter i Romstadgan har uttalat att domstolen kränker deras statssuveränitet. Särskilt ICC:s agerande gällande deportationen av uigurer till Xinjiang och deportationen av rohingyer från Myanmar till
The Yellow River Basin Commission (YRCC) is struggling with demand and supply water imbalances due to inter-jurisdictional rivalries, and has consequently promoted the development of water rights trading to incentivize provinces from not exceeding their allocated withdrawals in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). This thesis employs the case of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region to examine factors that facil
This paper aims to synthesise and build further on recent research of consumer behaviour, in order to explain how the industry affects consumer behavioural intentions towards early phase innovations. The rationale for this relies on the non-accessibility of early phase innovations and the implication that they cannot yet be experienced by consumers, which further means they cannot be objectively e
Increasing global production fragmentation allows for emission displacement, which may counteract advanced nation’s domestic reductions of production-related carbon emissions. Consequently, input-output analysis has become a common tool to measure countries’ carbon footprint and emission trade balances based on national consumption instead of domestically produced CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, trad
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is considered the primary instrument for assessing the presence and severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Conceptual and empirical critiques inspired the development of an updated version of the instrument, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II), with a higher ceiling of OCD severity to better differentiate
Breast cancer incidence has markedly increased in Western countries for reasons that are not entirely understood. We characterized periodic and age-specific incidence trends of breast cancer in immigrants who migrated from low incidence areas to Sweden. The incidence in immigrants was compared to that in native Swedes and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated, based on the Swedish F
This paper investigates the determinants of Climbing World Cup performance at a country level. An unbalanced panel of 76 countries over the years 2005 through 2008 is used. The focus of the paper is on the impact of the demographic, economic, geographic and historic predictors of the success at the Climbing World Cups. We measure the performance by the National Team rankings for each of the three
The recording and verbatim transcription of interviews is often considered to be one of the more tedious but necessary aspects of the in-depth qualitative research process. While transcription is undoubtedly a necessary methodological tool for researchers focusing specifically on discourse and language, it has also been widely adopted by researchers across the social sciences, and is sometimes adv
Background Evidence for treating infantile colic with acupuncture is contradictory. Aim To evaluate and compare the effect of two types of acupuncture versus no acupuncture in infants with colic in public child health centres (CHCs). Methods A multicentre, randomised controlled, single-blind, three-armed trial (ACU-COL) comparing two styles of acupuncture with no acupuncture, as an adjunct to stan
Precambrian inliers of the Anti-Atlas belt in the southern part of Morocco contain numerous dolerite dyke and sill swarms which were previously poorly dated. Four dykes and two sills dated by the U-Pb TIMS method on baddeleyite and zircon provide the first steps toward a magmatic 'barcode' for the West African Craton (WAC) and constraints on the timing of breakup of the WAC from Precambrian superc
