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The connection between the electronic polarizability and the decrease of the system size from macroscopic solid to nanoscale clusters has been addressed in a combined experimental and model-calculation study. A beam of free neutral potassium chloride clusters has been probed using synchrotron-radiation-based photoelectron spectroscopy. The introduction of "effective" polarizability for chlorine, l

Biological characteristics of virus quantitatively rescued from different cell types present in lymph nodes of HIV-1-infected individuals in various stages of their disease were determined, not including patients with AIDS defining illness. Viruses were obtained by cocultivation with donor monocyte-derived macrophages and T-lymphocytes and their biological phenotype compared to viruses obtained fr

I denna uppsats undersöks något helt nytt inom den populära biografifilmen. I Todd Haynes film "I'm Not There" porträtterar sex olika skådespelare sju olika faser i Bob Dylans liv och karriär. Att låta flera aktörer och/eller aktriser spela samma karaktär är ett högst ovanligt drag i filmens värld. Med detta som utgångspunkt görs en analys och diskussion av filmen som förankras i dok

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how the two Swedish reforms, child-care allowance and earned income tax credit (EITC) will affect the labour supply. The child-care allowance will be introduced in Sweden during 2008. The aim is to increase the freedom of choice for parents regarding their child-care. In order to be eligible to the allowance, the children need to be between the ages of one

Our paper tries to verify the relation between international banks’ expansion and international automotive corporations’ overseas business in China. Pervasive phenomena indicate that foreign banks take following their clients as the initial strategy when they start overseas business in China’s market. As many previous literatures analyzed, in the beginning stage in a new foreign market, multinatio

Releasing the packaged viral DNA into the host cell is an essential process to initiate viral infection. In many double-stranded DNA bacterial viruses and herpesviruses, the tightly packaged genome is hexagonally ordered and stressed in the protein shell, called the capsid. DNA condensed in this state inside viral capsids has been shown to be trapped in a glassy state, with restricted molecular mo

Cholera toxin (CT) binds to GM1-ganglioside receptors present on all nucleated cells. Despite this, it is a very potent mucosal adjuvant that has a dramatic impact on immune cells, as well as nerve and epithelial cells, causing diarrhea. This fact has hampered our understanding of whether the adjuvanticity of CT is direct or indirect, as cells that bind CT may or may not be involved in its adjuvan

Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) is the most studied animal model for rheumatoid arthritis and is associated with the MHC class II molecule A(q). T-cell recognition of a peptide from type II collagen, C11256-270, bound to A(q) is a requirement for development of CIA. Lysine 264 is the major T-cell recognition site of C11256-270 and CIA is in particular associated with recognition of lysine 264 aft

The skin barrier is a responding membrane that separates environments with profoundly different water contents. This implies a substantial water gradient across the skin membrane, which controls transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin hydration. We define the microclimate of the skin as the activity of water in the outermost layer of skin. By applying an occluding film composed of a pharmaceutic

Wnt5a is a non-canonical Wnt protein that is expressed at elevated levels in inflammatory conditions. Its role in inflammation remains unclear, although it is known that Wnt5a is expressed at a higher level in monocyte-derived myeloid dendritic cells (Mo-mDCs) than in monocytes and macrophages. The function of Wnt5a in dendritic cells (DCs) remains relatively unexplored. Here, we found that under

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between barriers in the outdoor environment and perceived quality of life (QoL) in old age and to assess whether fear of moving outdoors and unmet physical activity need contribute to this association. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Community and research center. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred eighty-nine, community-dwelling people aged 75 to 81 took part in f

We study the Al-Salam-Chihara polynomials when q > 1. Several solutions of the associated moment problem are found, and the orthogonality relations lead to explicit evaluations of several integrals. The polynomials are shown to have raising and lowering operators and a second order operator equation of Sturm-Liouville type whose eigenvalues are found explicitly. We also derive new measures with re

There has been great interest in the rationales for transformative innovation policies (TIP), including those following a mission-oriented logic. However, few studies have investigated how public administration can effectively implement TIP. To study this, we first identify from existing literature four TIP governance tasks (creating legitimacy and leadership, coordination across levels/instrument

Sepsis manifests due to the host's dysregulated immune response to infection. High-dose ascorbic acid (AA) has emerged as a potential treatment of sepsis, yet little is known regarding how AA influences the immune system in sepsis, such as monocytes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of high-dose AA on monocyte polarization and cytokine production in vitro. Monocytes isolat

Otitis media (OM) is an inflammatory disorder in the middle ear. It is mainly caused by viruses or bacteria associated with the airways. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the three main pathogens in infection-related OM, especially in younger children. In this review, we will focus upon the multifaceted gene regulation mechanisms that are well-orchestra

We recently described four distinct types of plexiform lesions in human idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) [1], visualising the three-dimensional lesion structure using synchrotron-based phase-contrast micro-CT (SPµCT). Two types, 1 and 2, are shunt-type lesions that connect pulmonary arteries to the bronchial circulation: type 1 to the vasa vasorum, and type 2 to peribr

This investigation was performed to study whether the efficient binding of collagen to monocytes in the presence of fibronectin and heparin may be used for separation of monocytes from human peripheral blood. It was shown that monocytes adhere selectively to gelatin bead columns in the presence of fresh plasma and heparin. Mononuclear blood cells are rapidly depleted of monocytes by passage throug