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Purpose: An experimental comparison of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between transmission and dark-field signals in grating-based X-ray imaging for ex-vivo murine lung tissue. Materials and Methods: Lungs from three healthy mice were imaged ex vivo using a laser-driven compact synchrotron X-ray source. Background noise of transmission and dark-field signal was quantified by measuring the stand

We determined A/H1N1-HA antibodies in relation to HLA-DQ genotypes and islet autoantibodies at clinical diagnosis in 1141 incident 0.7-18 years old type 1 diabetes patients diagnosed April 2009 - December 2010. Antibodies to (35) S-methionine-labeled A/H1N1 hemagglutinin were determined in a radiobinding assay in patients diagnosed before (n=325), during (n=355) and after (n=461) the October 2009

We consider systems of particles in two dimensions with negative dielectric permittivity and sharp corners. The field divergences near the corners of the inclusions are non-square-integrable for negative permittivities in a range depending on the corner angle, and the leading term for small distances is provided by the static term. We have developed a highly accurate numerical method which uses ad

Measles outbreaks occur regularly throughout Europe, up to 31500 cases in the previous year, particularly where there are pockets of populations with lower vaccination coverage than the recommended ≥95%. Anthroposophic communities in Europe are one of several groups with relatively low vaccination coverage. In Sweden, outbreaks of measles and rubella were reported from an anthroposophic community.

Recent studies have uncovered an abundance of non-neutral cytoplasmic genetic variation within species, which suggests that we should no longer consider the cytoplasm an idle intermediary of evolutionary change. Nonneutrality of cytoplasmic genomes is particularly intriguing, given that these genomes are maternally transmitted. This means that the fate of any given cytoplasmic genetic mutation is

To evaluate and mutually compare the tail-scaling approach and the prebolus administration concept for reduction of arterial partial volume effects (PVEs), because reproducible absolute quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often hampered by PVEs in the arterial input function (AIF) registration.

Existing accounts of leadership are underpinned by two dominant approaches: functionalist studies, which have tried to identify correlations between variables associated with leadership; and interpretive studies, which have tried to trace out the meaning-making process associated with leadership. Eschewing these approaches, we turn to an emerging strand of literature that develops a critical appro

During breast cancer progression, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) switches from acting as a growth inhibitor to become a major promoter of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanisms involved in this switch are not clear. We found that loss of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP beta), a differentiation factor for the mammary epitheli

This 11-year prospective longitudinal study examined how a pre-pubertal pediatric bone mass scan predicts peak bone mass. We measured bone mineral content (BMC; g), bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm(2)), and bone area (cm(2)) in femoral neck, total body and lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a population-based cohort including 65 boys and 56 girls. At baseline all participants were

Compounds Fe7Sb3(PO4)3O6Cl3 and Fe7Sb3(PO4)3O6Br3 are the first iron phosphates containing SbIII. They were synthesized by chemical vapor transport reactions, and their crystal structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma. Tubular Fe7(PO4)3O6X3 units (X = Cl, Br) are linked by SbO4 groups to

The incidence rates and relative risks for colorectal cancer (CRC) are higher in men than in women. Sex steroids may play a role in this gender-associated difference in CRC risk. This study was conducted to explore the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in steroid hormone signaling (ESR1, ESR2, PGR, NR1I2, and SHBG), phase I-and II-metabolizing enzyme (COMT, HSD17B1, CYP1A1, CY

Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a secreted protein with great therapeutic potential. However, in order to analyse the interactions between GDNF and its receptors, researchers have been mostly dependent of radioactive binding assays. We developed a FACS-based binding assay for GDNF as an alternative to current methods. We demonstrated that the FACS-based assay using TGW cells

Background Carriers of APOE epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 have an increased risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in lobar regions, presumably because of the effects of these gene variants on risk of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We aimed to assess whether these variants also associate with severity of ICH, in terms of haematoma volume at presentation and subsequent outcome. Methods We investigated the

In this study, we present a newly developed method for the estimation of surface flow paths on a digital elevation model (DEM). The objective is to use a form-based algorithm, analyzing flow over single cells by dividing them into eight triangular facets and to estimate the surface flow paths on a raster DEM. For each cell on a gridded DEM, the triangular form-based multiple flow algorithm (TFM) w

This paper explores how men who perform intimate labour negotiate perceptions of themselves and their work through complex intersections of masculinity, proximity and propriety. Its focus is on the ways in which embodied organizational negotiations are shaped by gendered perceptions of bodily propriety in three examples of physically, sexually and/or emotionally intimate forms of labour: male mass

PURPOSE: Astrocytosis is an important feature of the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet there is currently no way of detecting this phenomenon in vivo. METHODS: In this study we examine the retention of the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer (11)C-L: -deuteriodeprenyl (DED), thought to bind activated astrocytes, in 9 patients with moderate to severe AD compared with 11 healthy