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Historically, private initiative has always been of great significance for the arts. In most Europe-an countries the government took over from the private initiative after World War II. However, private initiative never completely disappeared, this is also true in the second half of the 20th century in which government subsidies were the dominant factor in the funding of the arts and cultural heri

Houses are prominent in many taxes in the Netherlands. In this chapter we analyze the situation of Dutch housing taxation in local and national taxes. We show that both are intertwined because of the use of one value which is determined at the local level, but used at the national level as well. We briefly discuss the balance between local and national taxation in the Netherlands, the relatively l

In the Netherlands, the role of the woman in society has changed drastically in the past century. Furthermore, over the past 50 years, marriage between man and woman lost its dominant position to alternative forms of cohabitation. These developments in society and civil law are also reflect-ed in the Dutch Personal Income Tax Act (PITA) and the Dutch Gift and Inheritance Tax Act (GITA) and will be

International cooperation between national tax authorities through exchange of information is becoming even more important than it was before in combating tax evasion. In this chapter, the implementation of automatic exchange of information is discussed with a focus on cross border flows of personal data. First, we discuss the legal framework for the ex-change of information. Article 26 of the OEC

Minimizing errors is an important aspect of learning. However, it is not enough merely to record if an error occurred. For efficient learning, information about the magnitude of errors is critical. Did my tennis swing completely miss the target or did I hit the ball, but not quite in the sweet spot? How can neurons – which have traditionally been thought of as binary units – signal the magnitude o

Det beräknas att cirka 50 miljoner människor världen över har en demenssjukdom mot förväntade 152 miljoner år 2050 och enligt WHO är demenssjukdomar en prioriterad hälsopolitisk fråga. Primärvårdsläkares roll i upptäckt och behandling av tidig demens är troligen hälsoekonomiskt fördelaktig men primärvårdens handläggning av patienter med förmodad demens varierar stort. Syftet med denna avhandling vBackground: Around 50 million people worldwide have dementia and the prevalence is expected to increase to 152 million by 2050. According to the WHO, dementia is a priority health policy issue. The role of primary care physicians (PCPs) for timely dementia management can be cost-effective, yet PCP involvement in the management of patients with presumed or diagnosed dementia vary across Europe.Aim:

Spectral oscillations in 2D molecular spectroscopy of the displaced oscillator system and their phase relationships are analyzed. The phase maps of the dispersive and absolute-valued signals give hints for experimental probing of peak oscillations.

A variety of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiments on natural lightharvesting complexes reveal inter-chromophore coupling and monitor ultrafast dynamics, furthering understanding of the way these proteins function and the underlying design principles of photosynthesis.

Two-dimensional Fourier transform electronic spectra were recorded for the LH3 light harvesting complex. The spectra reveal the weak coupling between B800 molecules, the ultrafast dynamics within B820 and energy flow from B800 to B850.

Two-dimensional optical spectroscopy is a potent tool for studying correlations among different vibrational and electronic transitions as well as other nonlinear properties of molecules and materials. This chapter utilizes recently developed phase-stabilized two-dimensional electronic Fourier-transform spectroscopy to probe electronic couplings among different chromophores and explore the distribu