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A landscape genetics approach was applied to common goby (Pomatoschistus microps) sampled from three estuaries (six sites) of the Portuguese coast. Individuals of each site were genotyped for eight microsatellite loci and levels of genetic diversity and differentiation were correlated to present-day estuarine characteristics and historical events. A general ecological state for each sampling site

Background: Ensiling is a common method of preserving energy crops for anaerobic digestion, and many scientific studies report that ensiling increases the methane yield. In this study, the ensiling process and the methane yields before and after ensiling were studied for four crop materials. Results: The changes in wet weight and total solids (TS) during ensiling were small and the loss of energy

By means of electronic transport, we study the transverse magnetic anisotropy of an individual Fe-4 single-molecule magnet (SMM) embedded in a three-terminal junction. In particular, we determine in situ the transverse anisotropy of the molecule from the pronounced intensity modulations of the linear conductance, which are observed as a function of applied magnetic field. The proposed technique wo

Protein kinase C (PKC) δ is a regulator of apoptosis with both pro- and anti-apoptotic effects. The mechanistic basis for the discrepant effects is not completely understood. Here we show that Smac interacts with PKCδ. The interaction depends on the N-terminus of Smac and is disrupted upon treatment with paclitaxel. This is associated with release of Smac into the cytosol. Activation of PKCδ rescu

Combined data from four fusion-evaporation reaction experiments were utilized to investigate deformed and superdeformed structures in Zn-62(30)32. Combination of the Gammasphere gamma-ray spectrometer and ancillary particle detection systems allowed for the connection of rotational bands to well-known, low-lying excited states in Zn-62, as well as spectroscopy of discrete high-spin states reaching

Structural glass-timber composite beams and shear wall elements were investigated in terms of their mechanical behaviour, energy performance and their LCA performance. The load bearing components were manufactured using annealed float glass which was adhesively bonded to the timber with different adhesives. The results show, among other things, that is is possible to join the two materials glass a

BackgroundDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is essential for the preservation of liquid nitrogen-frozen stem cells, but is associated with toxicity in the transplant recipient. Study Design and MethodsIn this prospective noninterventional study, we describe the use of DMSO in 64 European Blood and Marrow Transplant Group centers undertaking autologous transplantation on patients with myeloma and lymphoma

Popular Abstract in English Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common, after Alzheimer’s disease, neurodegenerative disease in man. Stiffness in joints, shaky hands, and slowness of movements make it difficult for people with PD to complete normal daily tasks like buttoning up a shirt. Additionally, PD affects memory, mood, sleep and the function of the gastro-intestinal tract. Over time,Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disorder (after Alzheimer’s disease). PD is diagnosed on its motor symptoms, which include akinesia, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural imbalance and resting tremor. It is well established that the motor symptoms develop due to lack of dopamine in the striatum. This is caused by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic ne

We synthesized twisted bilayer graphene on single crystalline Ni(111) thin films to analyze the statistical twist angle distribution on a large scale. The twisted bilayer graphene was formed by combining two growth methods, namely the catalytic surface reaction of hydrocarbons and carbon segregation from Ni. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) investigations directly revealed dominant twist ang

The major histcompatibility complex (MHC) is a vital component of the adaptive immune system in all vertebrates. This study is the first to characterize MHC class I (MHC-I) in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), and we use MHC-I exon 3 sequence data from individuals originating from three locations across Europe: Spain, the Netherlands to Sweden. Our phylogeny of the 17 blue tit MHC-I alleles contain

ESI-LC-MS/MS method with isotope dilution and SPE based on cation-exchange was developed for determination of free and total Nε-(1-Carboxymethyl)-l-Lysine (CML) and free Nε-(1-Carboxyethyl)-l-Lysine (CEL). The use of nonafluoropentanoic acid in mobile phase was omitted, SPE recoveries of 82±3% and 91±10% (n=6) for CML and CEL respectively and, calibration curves (R(2)>0.9985) were attained. The me

A paired cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky-Bogoliubov (CNSB) model is presented, which employs the same method to calculate the liquid-drop energy and moment of inertia as the unpaired cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) model. In the CNSB model, the energy minimization is carried out in the mesh of pairing gaps Delta and Fermi levels lambda as well as deformation parameters. The high spin states in Lu-161

The Cerro de Pasco epithermal Cordilleran base metal deposit in central Peru consists of two mineralization stages which are spatially and genetically related to a mid-Miocene diatreme-dome complex. In order to constrain the duration of the magmatic-hydrothermal system at Cerro de Pasco, U-Ph age determinations and Hf isotope determinations have been conducted on single zircon grains. Biotite from

In this paper three unit root tests that allow for a break in both the seasonal mean and linear trend of the data are proposed. The tests, which can be seen as smallsample corrected versions of already known asymptotic tests, are shown to perform very well in simulations, and much better than their asymptotic counterparts.

The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of methanol condensate from pulp and paper mill in UASB reactor was investigated and compared with the anaerobic treatment of methanol. The UASB reactor treating methanol condensate was operated for 480days with minimum problems of overload. COD removal from methanol condensate and methanol under normal operating conditions ranged from 84-86% to 86-98%, respe

In the present work, near-limiting hydrogen flames were investigated both experimentally and numerically. Very rich hydrogen + air flames were studied in a constant volume bomb equipped with a pressure sensor and a Schlieren system for optical registration of the flame front movement. The mixtures contained 70% and 75% of hydrogen, the rest being air. The measurements were conducted at pressures f

Background: This study investigates responses to requests for clarification in conversations between children/adolescents with cochlear implant (CI) and normally hearing peers. Earlier studies have interpreted a more frequent use of requests of confirmation (yes/no interrogatives) in the CI group as a conversational strategy used to prevent communication breakdowns and control the development of t

Differences in ecological conditions can result in the evolution of dramatic inter-population shifts in whole suites of traits. We studied variation in reproductive output in three lizard populations of the Skyros Wall Lizard (Podarcis gaigeae, Lacertidae) endemic to the Skyros Archipelago (Greece), which live under similar climatic conditions but differ in predation pressure and food availability

In discussions of moral responsibility for collectively produced effects, it is not uncommon to assume that we have to abandon the view that causal involvement is a necessary condition for individual co-responsibility. In general, considerations of cases where there is "a mismatch between the wrong a group commits and the apparent causal contributions for which we can hold individuals responsible"