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Carbon dioxide flooding to reduce postoperative neurological injury following surgery for acute type A aortic dissection : a prospective, randomised, blinded, controlled clinical trial, CARTA study protocol - objectives and design

INTRODUCTION: Neurological complications after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) increase patient morbidity and mortality. Carbon dioxide flooding is commonly used in open-heart surgery to reduce the risk of air embolism and neurological impairment, but it has not been evaluated in the setting of ATAAD surgery. This report describes the objectives and design of the CARTA trial, in

The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements : Atmospheric CO 2 anomaly

During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO 2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we charact

Effect of docetaxel added to bicalutamide in Hormone-Naïve non-metastatic prostate cancer with rising PSA, a randomized clinical trial (SPCG-14)

Background: Historically, endocrine therapy was used in a range of scenarios in patients with rising PSA, both as a treatment for locally advanced non-metastatic prostate cancer and PSA recurrence following curative intended therapy. In the present study the objective was to investigate if chemotherapy added to endocrine therapy could improve progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and Methods:

Early and Late Migrating Avian Individuals Differ in Constitutive Immune Function and Blood Parasite Infections – But Patterns Depend on the Migratory Strategy

Billions of birds migrate every year. To conduct a successful migration, birds undergo a multitude of physiological adaptions. One such adaptation includes adjustments of immune function, however, little is known about intraspecies (between-individual) and interspecies (between-species) variation in immune modulations during migration. Here, we explore if early and late migrating individuals diffe

Urbanization causes biotic homogenization of woodland bird communities at multiple spatial scales

Urbanization is a major contributor to biodiversity declines. However, studies assessing effects of urban landscapes per se (i.e., disentangled from focal habitat effects) on biodiversity across spatial scales are lacking. Understanding such scale-dependent effects is fundamental to preserve habitats along an urbanization gradient in a way that maximizes overall biodiversity. We investigated the i

Rising Hemoglobin A1c in the Nondiabetic Range Predicts Progression of Type 1 Diabetes As Well As Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests

OBJECTIVE: Biomarkers predicting risk of type 1 diabetes (stage 3) among children with islet autoantibodies are greatly needed to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis and facilitate prevention therapies.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Children in the prospective The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study (n = 707) with confirmed diabetes-associated autoantibodies (GAD antibody, IA

Exploring energy citizenship in the urban heating system with the ‘Walking with Energy’ methodology

Background: Energy citizenship has emerged as a concept which attempts to capture the new role envisaged for urban citizens as engaged and active in the energy transition. However, exactly how to successfully engage energy citizens requires more research and this article aims to contribute to this knowledge gap. The article presents a new methodology, ‘Walking with Energy’, which seeks to (re)conn

Activation and Participation in Ecological Sound Art

Showing of two installations that result from an ecological sound art practice and its complex and radical modulation of performing/composing/curating within assemblages. The works spring out of an ecological-enactive approach, where through relational technique and fleshy listening the authors explore what the performative body can do; what connections and networks it creates across temporality a

Dietary intake of total, heme and non-heme iron and the risk of colorectal cancer in a European prospective cohort study

Background: Iron is an essential micronutrient with differing intake patterns and metabolism between men and women. Epidemiologic evidence on the association of dietary iron and its heme and non-heme components with colorectal cancer (CRC) development is inconclusive. Methods: We examined baseline dietary questionnaire-assessed intakes of total, heme, and non-heme iron and CRC risk in the EPIC coh

Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of coronary events in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort study

BACKGROUND: The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a globally environmentally sustainable dietary pattern featuring mainly plant-based foods in 2019. However, evidence on this dietary pattern in preventing coronary events is minimal.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the association between the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of coronary events.METHODS: The Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort study (recruited between 1

Optimizing Species Richness in Mosaic Landscapes : A Probabilistic Model of Species-Area Relationships

Most landscapes are comprised of multiple habitat types differing in the biodiversity they contain. This is certainly true for human modified landscapes, which are often a mix of habitats managed with different intensity, semi-natural habitats and even pristine habitats. To understand fundamental questions of how the composition of such landscapes affects biodiversity conservation, and to evaluate

Sex-Specific Risk Factors for Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in a Population-Based Historical Cohort Study of Middle-Aged and Older Individuals

BACKGROUND: Whether sex-specific differences exist for risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT), with the exception of pregnancy and estrogen therapy, has been sparsely studied. We aimed to study whether sex-specific differences of risk factors exist for noncancer-related DVT and PE in middle-aged and older individuals without cardiovascular history or previous dia

Genetic Susceptibility to Mood Disorders and Risk of Stroke : A Polygenic Risk Score and Mendelian Randomization Study

BACKGROUND: Mood disorders and strokes are often comorbid, and their health toll worldwide is huge. This study characterizes prognostic and causal roles of mood disorders in stroke.METHODS: We tested if genetic susceptibilities for mood disorders were associated with all strokes, ischemic strokes in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (24 631 individuals with a median follow-up of 21.3 (interquartile

Decoding pan-cancer complexity. Multiomic insights from the lung and breast

Cancer presently represents a significant global health challenge, illustrated by the high incidence and mortality rates associated with lung and breast cancer. Technological advances and concerted large-scale initiatives have yielded vast amounts of cancer data to be used for research purposes. The objective of this thesis is to capitalize on the current state of the bioinformatics field to devel

Coronary Plaque in People With HIV vs Non-HIV Asymptomatic Community and Symptomatic Higher-Risk Populations

Background: People with HIV (PWH) have a high burden of coronary plaques; however, the comparison to people without known HIV (PwoH) needs clarification. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine coronary plaque burden/phenotype in PWH vs PwoH. Methods: Nonstatin using participants from 3 contemporary populations without known coronary plaques with coronary CT were compared: the REPRI

Elevated expression of complement factor I in lung cancer cells associates with shorter survival–Potentially via non-canonical mechanism

While numerous membrane-bound complement inhibitors protect the body's cells from innate immunity's autoaggression, soluble inhibitors like complement factor I (FI) are rarely produced outside the liver. Previously, we reported the expression of FI in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Now, we assessed the content of FI in cancer biopsies from lung cancer patients and associated the re