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Fighting infectious disease in the past, much like today, focused on isolating the disease and thereby stopping its spread. New insights into the modes of transmission and the causal agents in the mid-nineteenth century, together with fear of new epidemic outbreaks, motivated public investments aimed at reducing mortality from infectious disease. Combining longitudinal individual-level data on 17,
Intestinal I/R is considered to be an important initiating event in several pathophysiological conditions such as trauma, bleeding, sepsis and pancreatitis, frequently leading to concomitant both single and potentially multiple organ dysfunction. The purpose of this thesis was to study mechanims underlying the development of multiple organ dysfunction, with special focus on intercellular proinflam
In this work, cloud and fog droplet formation was studied in three joint field experiments. The instrument, the droplet aerosol analyser (DAA), has also been further developed and verified as part of this work. The DAA is an instrument especially developed for studies of cloud and fog droplet formation and growth. It measures the ambient size of individual droplets and interstitial particles in a
Ukraine has significant potential for bioenergy. Biomass can supply 1 EJ/year or 18% in the country’s energy balance. The major part of this is formed by agricultural residues and energy crops. Annually nearly 175 PJ can be derived from straw, which is currently not used elsewhere. At present the biofuels sector in Ukraine is not established although a number of initiatives have emerged. Biomass s
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) is a well-characterised growth regulatory factor, which acts on most cell types. This thesis has focused on the regulatory roles of TGF-b on normal lymphocytes. One interesting finding is that TGF-b acts both costimulatory and inhibitory on T-lymphocytes. The costimulatory effect depends on the presence of monocytes and is mediated by these cells. Furthermor
Microvascular surgery enables free tissue flaps to cover tissue defects, e.g. after trauma and malignancies. Although major improvements in techniques have been made, problems with poor tissue circulation and thrombus formation still exist. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of hemodilution on tissue blood flow and thrombus formation in an animal model. In isovolemic hemodilutio
The thesis investigated clinical, neuroimaging and prognostic features in lacunar infarction. The studies were based on a series of 100 consequtive patients with a first-ever stroke and a lacunar syndrome investigated with CT, Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI, and with respect to large vessel disease and cardioembolic sources. the patients were followed for a mean of 4 years. MRI was repeated one year after s
Extending the product development process to also include the concurrent design of product and packaging is expected to increase efficiency and effectiveness in the development process. Apart from the obvious advantage of reducing the lead times of the development project, improving environmental impact by reducing the consumption of raw material due to the possibility of facilitating a "tailor ma
This paper examines the major trends unravelling the long-term gender division of family support and care structure that reached its peak in the middle of the twentieth century, often called the “worker-carer” or the “separate spheres” model. The unraveling of the “separate spheres” began with the increase in the labor force participation of married women and continues with the increase in men’s
Road haulage operations and in particular distribution in general, are inefficient. Given the societal importance of road haulage and the low efficiency of the sector, road hauliers need to improve their operations and systematically tackle inefficiencies. However, real causes of these inefficiencies (“root causes”) have not been sufficiently examined in previous studies. This paper aims at expand
Research has indicated that there is a growing tendency for young, well-educated people to hold different values toward work and management of work than previous generations. Thus managerial difficulties can arise when these different generations collaborate at work. In order to survive organisations and companies need a managerial leadership that knows how the younger workers view leadership, how
The project justifies itself from increasing Europeanizing of the building market, new the possibilities of communication, mobility and occupation, which offer the European Union to humans and enterprise. Simultaneous substantial deficits are to be deplored in all countries involved in the vocational further training in the building sector. The project wants to make a contribution to: Improvement
Studies were conducted to investigate the role of macula densa (MD)-derived nitric oxide (NO) in regulation of the glomerular filtration (GFR) through the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism. Immunocytochemical localization of the neuronal isoform of NO synthase (NOS) in the kidney showed that this isoform was exclusively located in MD cells. Whole kidney clearance measurements of GFR and mi
