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This thesis consists of three theoretical essays on Bargaining and Social Choice. The first essay addresses the problem of retaining the uniqueness of equilibrium when extending the Rubinstein model to accommodate more than two players. We achieve a unique subgame perfect equilibrium in a bargaining model with three players by assuming that the players make demands in a clockwise order and practic
The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the role of visibility in the production and contestation of belonging to political communities. On the basis of an empirical enquiry of Russian media during the 2010s, a theoretical conceptualization of the relation between visibility and belonging is suggested, starting in the idea that what becomes visible to publics and how, and what is rendered i
Shallow lakes have great ecological and recreational values. They are also largely affected by humans, mainly through eutrophication, and great efforts are therefore being put into the understanding of these ecosystems. The knowledge is however not complete, and more research is needed to manage these lakes in a sustainable way. The physical characteristics that are special for shallow lakes compa
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in patients at various hospital wards and in a group of relatively healthy volunteers, in order to obtain greater knowledge on how common these bacterial strains are in hospital settings and in the general community. Participants (n = 427) were enrolled at a University Hospital and
Context: The age-related decline in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels is thought to be of importance for general and vascular aging. However, data on the association between DHEA and mortality are conflicting. Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that low serum DHEA and DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) levels predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death in elderly men. Design, Setting, and Par
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is an enzyme active in the purine salvage pathway. PNP deficiency caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the PNP gene leads to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and in two thirds of cases also to neurological effects such as developmental delay, ataxia, and motor impairment.PNP deficiency has a poor outcome, and the only curative treatment is allogen
Abstract Background. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is common among breast cancer patients. Several CAM therapies may have negative side effects or interact with conventional therapies. We studied biologically based CAM use with and without vitamins/minerals in relation to patient and tumor characteristics as well as treatment in an ongoing prospective cohort of 855 primary breas
The xanthophyll cycle involves the light-dependent and reversible conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin. The enzyme, violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) catalyses the conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, via the intermediate antheraxanthin. VDE is a membrane-hosted enzyme during its activity. Low lumenal pH, violaxanthin, ascorbate and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol are required for activity. Th
This study compared the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of family members of patients who participated in a program of palliative care (intervention family members) with those in conventional care (control family members). The HRQOL was measured by the short-form (SF-36) health survey questionnaire, including eight subscales. The longitudinal intervention study includes two sites: Trondheim
The development towards total offers; integrated product and service offers, is a trend in industry, particularly in business to business relations. This strive towards more extended offers can be noticed in a wide range of companies from different branches, and it has important implications on management. Today there is no established method available to handle the extended risks associated with
Understanding of the growth of fatigue cracks is of utmost importance since such growth often has a profound influence on the life of components subjected to cyclic loading. Thus, reliable fatigue life models enable a more efficient use of materials and improve the performance and efficiency in many applications. This thesis deals with the growth of fatigue cracks subjected to high load amplitude
During moisture uptake in polymers, the diffusion of the water molecules is believed to occur via unoccupied voids. These voids are called free volume cavities and their sizes are continuously altered when the moisture content in the polymer is enhanced. Not only the free volume cavity sizes, but also other polymer properties such as the degree of crystallinity, are changed as a consequence of moi
