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The gut-to-lung axis is critical during respiratory infections, including influenza A virus (IAV) infection. In the present study, we used high-resolution shotgun metagenomics and targeted metabolomic analysis to characterize influenza-associated changes in the composition and metabolism of the mouse gut microbiota. We observed several taxonomic-level changes on day (D)7 post-infection, including

Concern has risen that current global warming and more frequent extreme events such as droughts and floods will increase conflict around the world. This concern has spurred both social science research on contemporary climate, peace, and conflict as well as research in the historical sciences on past climate, weather, warfare, and violence. This perspectives article compares these two fields of sc

The Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) is an international initiative. It aims to create a protein list expressed in human cells by each chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA to enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms, akin to the gene list generated by the Human Genome Project. Transmembrane protein 160 (TMEM160) is a member of the transmembrane proteins (TMEM) family. TMEM pro

We carried out the first high-resolution transit observations of the exoplanet WASP-49 Ab with Keck/HIRES. Upon custom wavelength calibration we achieve a Doppler RV precision of < 60 m s−1. . This is an improvement in RV stability of roughly 240 m s−1 with respect to the instrument standard. We report an average sodium flux residual of (Formula presented) per cent t (8.0σ) comparable to previous

BACKGROUND: The introduction of modern chemotherapy a decade ago has led to increased use of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A recent North American study demonstrated increased use of NAT and improved operative outcomes in patients with PDAC. The aims of this study were to compare the use of NAT and short-term outcomes in patients with PDAC unde

Background and objectives: Maximal safe resection is the cornerstone of diffuse low-grade glioma (dLGG) management, although epidemiological data are limited. We aim to explore surgical selection, techniques, and outcomes in a population-based cohort. Materials and methods: This study utilized a multi-center case series (9 out of 10 neurosurgical departments in Norway and Sweden) of all adults (≥1

Background: Hypertension management guidelines provide recommendations for optimal patient care. However, the limited time available of clinicians is rarely considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time clinicians currently spend on different components of hypertension care during an average workday and to assess physicians’ perceptions of the time required for optimal, guideline-base

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN,

Streptococcus pneumoniae resists host defenses through multiple surface factors, yet their specific contribution to protection against antimicrobial peptides remains incompletely understood. We examined the role of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and the polysaccharide capsule in protection against the human defensin HNP-1. PspA conferred increased resistance to HNP-1-induced killing, shown

Objectives To perform fine mapping of the autoimmunity susceptibility gene BLK and identify functional variants involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Genotyping of 1163 European SLE patients and 1482 controls and imputation were performed covering the BLK gene with 158 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Logistic regression analysis was done using PLINK and conditional analyses usin

Here for the first time, we detail self-contained (wireless and self-powered) biodevices with wireless signal transmission. Specifically, we demonstrate the operation of self-sustained carbohydrate and oxygen sensitive biodevices, consisting of a wireless electronic unit, radio transmitter and separate sensing bioelectrodes, supplied with electrical energy from a combined multi-enzyme fuel cell ge

Research on ecosystem services has grown rapidly over the last decade. Two conceptual frameworks have been published to guide ecological assessments of organisms that deliver services-the concepts of service-providing units (SPUs) and ecosystem service providers (ESPs). Here, we unite these frameworks and present an SPU-ESP continuum that offers a coherent conceptual approach for synthesizing the

At ISOL ( Isotope Separator On-Line) facilities, which utilize thick primary production targets, beams of neutron-rich iron isotopes are dificult to obtain due to the long extraction time of these isotopes out of the target matrix. At REX-ISOLDE, an exploratory experiment was carried out to investigate the possibility of producing a post-accelerated beam of neutron-rich iron isotopes by the in-tra

Odd-parity core excited states have been identified in two close neighbors of Sn-100: Pd-96 and Ag-97. This was done in an fusion-evaporation experiment, using a Ni-58 beam on a Sc-45 target. Even-parity core excited states in these nuclei are very well reproduced in large scale (LSSM) calculations in which particle-hole excitations are allowed with up to five g(9/2) protons and neutrons across th

In this article we reflect on the quality of a realist synthesis paradigm applied to the evaluation of Phase V of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network. The programmatic application of this approach has led to very high response rates and a wealth of important data. All articles in this Supplement report that cities in the network move from small-scale, time-limited projects predominantly focuse

To analyse the differences between patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) entered into randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and those followed in large observational cohorts.

Previously, a healthy Nordic diet (ND) has been shown to have beneficial health effects close to those of Mediterranean diets.

Angiogenesis is a target in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Nintedanib, an oral triple angiokinase inhibitor of VEGF receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and fibroblast growth factor receptor, has shown activity in phase 2 trials in this setting. We investigated the combination of nintedanib with standard carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed advan

Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the pancreatic islet cells. The use of cryopreserved cells is preferable to the use of freshly isolated cells to monitor clinical trials to decrease assay and laboratory variability. Methods The T-Cell Workshop Committee of the Immunology of Diabetes Society compared two widely accepted T-cell fr