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Female moths generally use pheromones to attract males. Normally, all females in a population produce a specific chemical blend with only a limited variance, and the local males are highly attracted to this blend. To better understand the direct and indirect selective forces acting on this communication system, where, unusually, it is the reproductively limited sex that signals for matings, a popu

To understand the function of cerebellar granule cells, we need detailed knowledge about the information carried by their afferent mossy fibers and how this information is integrated by the granule cells. Recently, we made whole cell recordings from granule cells in the non-anesthetized, decerebrate cats. All recordings were made in the forelimb area of the C3 zone for which the afferent and effer

Mitigation of vasomotor symptoms and urogenital problems, along with reductions in osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, provides the rationale for using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and the duration of use. However, user surveys have indicated poor compliance with HRT, and that means user time may be less than 12 months, a period unlikely to influence metabolic disorders. The main reason

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is mediated by T cells that specifically recognize hapten-modified peptides. T cells are known to recognize antigens as short processed peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC). It has previously been demonstrated that T cells can specifically recognize carbohydrates on the lysine at positi

BACKGROUND: Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is elevated in elderly patients with mental illness, and patients with vascular disease have higher plasma tHcy concentration than patients without vascular disease. METHOD: We investigated the influence of cobalamin/folate status and renal function on the association between plasma tHcy levels and vascular disease. RESULTS: There was a si

The main goal of prostate cancer tissue biomarkers is to improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. A particularly important question is whether the cancer needs immediate treatment or if treatment can be deferred. It is highly unlikely that a single biomarker that provides comprehensive prognostic information about a newly diagnosed prostate cancer will be forthcoming. Despite extensive research

A passive system is one that cannot produce energy, a property that naturally poses constraints on the system. A system in convolution form is fully described by its transfer function, and the class of Herglotz functions, holomorphic functions mapping the open upper half plane to the closed upper half plane, is closely related to the transfer functions of passive systems. Following a well-known re

Among the common complex diseases, hypertension has been particularly unlucky in the recent surge of positive results from genome-wide association studies. We summarize the evidence that would support continuing the effort in the hunt for a genetic basis for hypertension. The problems facing the genetic studies for hypertension are not unique, but phenotypic characterization, heterogeneity and hig

Smooth muscle is a slow and economical muscle with a large variability in contractile properties. This review describes results regarding the relation between expression of myosin isoforms and the contraction of smooth muscle. The focus of the review is on studies of the organised contractile system in the smooth muscle tissue. The role of the myosin heavy chain variants formed by alternative spli

The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src binds to and is activated by the beta-receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The interaction leads to Src phosphorylation of Tyr934 in the kinase domain of the receptor. In the course of the functional characterization of this phosphorylation, we noticed that components of 136 and 97 kDa bound to a peptide from this region of the receptor in a phosp