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Popular Abstract in Undetermined Denne afhandling præsenterer en ny udlæsnings metode udviklet til cantileverbaserede sensorer. Cantilevere er tynde vipper, der er fastgjorte i den ene ende, og som igennem de seneste ti °ar har vist sig at være en interessant ny type bio/kemisk sensor. Den specifikke genkendelse af et kemikalie viser sig ved at cantileveren bøjer som følge af det skabte overfladesThis thesis presents a novel read-out method developed for cantilever-based sensors. Cantilevers are thin beams clamped at one end and during the last 10 years they have emerged as an interesting new type of bio/chemical sensor. The specific recognition of a chemical manifests itself as a bending of the cantilever from the generated surface stress. Conventionally the read-out used for this type of

Aims/hypothesis Genetic and epidemiological studies suggest an association between gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes. Both are polygenic multifactorial disorders characterised by beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Our aim was to investigate whether common genetic variants that have previously been associated with type 2 diabetes or related phenotypes would also confer ri

We have investigated the effects of the novel imidazoline compound (+)-2-(2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-thiopene-2-yl-ethyl)pyridine (NNC77-0074) on stimulus-secretion coupling in isolated pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells. NNC77-0074 stimulated glucose-dependent insulin secretion in intact mouse pancreatic islets. No effect was observed at less than or equal to 2.5 mM glucose and maximal stimul

Background: End-stage kidney disease overwhelms health services in Central America. We determined prevalences of decreased kidney function in distinct populations in the most affected region of Nicaragua. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting & Participants: Total populations aged 20-60 years of 5 villages in Northwest Nicaragua: mining/subsistence farming (elevation, 100-300 m above s

This paper discusses the results of a time-dynamic analysis of the possible effects of government and utility-sponsored energy-efficiency programs on electric energy use in Swedish commercial buildings. In the study, which includes efficient lighting, improvements in ventilation, commercial cooling and cooking, we use energy scenarios to analyse how policy measures can effect future energy demand.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund: Sedan Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen upptäckte röntgenstrålar 1896 utvecklades den diagnostiska röntgentekniken snabbt. Under första hälften av 1900-talet var användningen av joniserande strålning i form av röntgenstrålar den enda princip med vilken den allt mer tekniskt avancerade röntgendiagnostiken bedrevs. För att åskådliggöra blodkärl använder sig konventionell r

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between smoking and bone mineral density (BMD) and radiographically verified prevalent vertebral fractures and incident fractures in elderly men. At baseline 3003 men aged 69 to 80 years of age from the Swedish Mr Os Study completed a standard questionnaire concerning smoking habits and had BMD of the hip and spine measured using dual-energy

Background No effective standard treatment exists for patients with radioiodine-refractory, advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma. We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of vandetanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of RET, VEGFR and EGFR signalling, in this setting. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, phase 2 trial, we enrolled adults (aged >= 18 years) with locally advanced or metastatic

The oral contraceptive pill is associated with a modest increase in the risk of early-onset breast cancer in the general population, but it is possible that the risk is higher in certain subgroups of women. The relative risk of breast cancer associated with oral contraceptive use has been reported to be higher for African-American women than for white women. African-American women also have a high

This 8-year controlled, follow-up study in 66 Swedish soccer women evaluated the effect of training and reduced training on BMD. The players who retired during the follow-up lost BMD in the femoral neck, whereas the controls did not. Introduction: Physical activity during adolescence increases BMD, but whether the benefits are retained with reduced activity is controversial. Materials and Method

Aerosol particle number size distributions and hygroscopic properties were measured at a pasture site in the southwestern Amazon region (Rondonia). The measurements were performed 11 September-14 November 2002 as part of LBA-SMOCC (Large scale Biosphere atmosphere experiment in Amazonia - SMOke aerosols, Clouds, rainfall and Climate), and cover the later part of the dry season (with heavy biomass

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value for patient survival of different forms of PSA and ratios thereof, before treatment for prostate cancer, by considering the forms and ratios both as independent markers and by comparing them with other commonly used prognostic markers, e.g. tumour grade, local stage (T-stage) and absence or presence of skeletal metastases (M-stage). PATIENTS AND METHODS: B

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Type 1 diabetes in children is characterised by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and the presence of certain risk genotypes. In adults the same situation is often referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We tested whether genetic markers associated with type 1 or type 2 diabetes could help to discriminate between autoimmune and non-autoimmune diab

Popular Abstract in Swedish Förmågan att planera med en medveten mental simulering har ansetts vara unikt mänsklig sedan Aristoteles. När människor planerar för psykologiska eller fysiologiska driftstillstånd som de för närvarande inte upplever, tror man att de använder sig av så kallad episodisk framförhållning. Den episodiska framförhållningen är en del av det större episodiska kognitiva systemeThe ability to plan for future, not currently experienced, mental or physiological states has been regarded as unique to humans. When humans plan for such states it has been hypothesized that they make use of what has been known as episodic foresight. Episodic foresight is a part of the episodic cognitive system, which also includes episodic memory. The defining feature of this system is so-called

Objective: We used dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) and estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis in a population with distal forearm fracture and a normative cohort. Methods: Patients 20 to 80 years of age with distal forearm fracture treated at one emergency hospital during two consecutive years were invited to calcaneal BMD measurement; 270 women (81

Popular Abstract in Swedish Esofagektomi (kirurgiskt avlägsnande av matstrupen) är ett omfattande ingrepp som främst utförs pga cancer, men som även utförs vid vissa godartade sjukdomar. Matstrupen sträcker sig från svalget, via bakre delen av bröstkorgen ned till övre delen av buken. Det anatomiska läget gör att man ur kirurgisk synpunkt oftast måste avlägsna matstrupen via en kombination av inciIn a prospective randomised study following oesophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction patients with hand-sutured neck anastomoses were compared with patients with circular stapled chest anastomoses. The two groups had equal rates of anastomotic or conduit leaks of 7.3 % (3/41) and 7.1 % (3/42) and of benign anastomotic strictures of 19.5 % (8/41) and 28.6 % (12/42). Another prospective random

Purpose: We measured concentrations of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), total prostate specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA) and percent fPSA to evaluate their relationship to total prostate gland volume, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) volume, total prostate cancer (PCa) volume (CaVol) and the volume of Gleason grades 4/5 cancer (CaVolG14) in the serum of 256 patients with PCa undergoing

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine in preventing low grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasias and anogenital warts (condyloma acuminata). DESIGN: Data from two international, double blind, placebo controlled, randomised efficacy trials of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (protocol 013 (FUTURE I) and protocol 015 (F

Att förutsäga framtiden – modellering som ett verktyg för att förutsäga vattenkvantitet och vattenkvalitet Inom 100 år så kommer klimatet förändrats avsevärt om utsläpp av växthusgaser fortsätter i samma takt som idag. Detta kommer påverka temperatur, nederbörd vilka i sin tur påverkar flödet av vatten i Sverige. Ett avrinningsområde består av olika jordtyper, vegetation och topografi, vilka allClimate change will alter the hydrological cycle in the 21st century with implications for the water balance and water quality. As characteristics of the landscape may vary significantly between nearby locations, hydrological models need to be able to delineate responses attributed to specific landscape characteristics, to estimate their responses to altered climatic drivers. Small streams are the

Recent global warming trends, particularly in the arctic regions and Himalayas are modifying forest structure and function, notably biogeographical changes in tree species distribution together with alteration in Net Primary Production (NPP), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Carbon biomass. These alterations are most pronounced in mountain environments, carrying significant impacts on woody species which