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Biomass residues are often considered key in a reorientation towards circular bioeconomies, both by returning organic matter and nutrients to soils and by expanding the feedstock base for fossil-free products. Different indicators are available to assess progress towards circularity, but many available indicators and assessments seem to focus on product or material circularity, and lack in coverag

The open-source parameter identification tool ADAPT (A diversely applicable parameter identification Tool) is integrated with a machine learning-based approach for start value prediction in order to calibrate a Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) and a Lemaitre damage model. As representative example case-hardened steel 16MnCrS5 is elaborated. An artificial neural network (ANN) is initially trained b

Optical properties of soot have been investigated with and without potassium chloride (KCl) salt added to the soot formation process in a premixed ethylene/air flame. A strong decrease in optical absorption efficiency of the soot was observed with increasing amounts of KCl added to the fuel based on the method of fluence curve analysis using laser-induced incandescence (LII). To understand the rea

Popular Abstract in Swedish Nästa år är det 400 år sedan Galileo Galilei för första gången riktade ett teleskop mot objekt på himlen. Allt sedan dess har teleskopet varit det viktigaste instrumentet för astronomins utveckling och med dess hjälp har vår kunskap om universum revolutionerats. Tack vare utvecklingen av teleskopet under dessa århundraden har allt ljussvagare objekt kunnat studeras, ochThis thesis presents the work on the design of, construction of, and finally observations with, an experimental setup comprising a small telescope equipped with adaptive optics. The facility has been assembled at Lund Observatory, where also observations on the sky have been made. The aim of this project was to gain hands-on knowledge in the development of a real adaptive optics system and eventua

Material and energy costs represent about 50% of the operating costs incurred by European small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although the potential for resource efficiency improvements is high, the necessary awareness and human resource capacities to explore this potential are limited. Existing tools for exploration of resource efficiency improvement potentials have several shortcomings: t

Purpose of this paper The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative case study of the procedures and guiding principles in the packaging selection practice of two international companies. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study with an inductive approach was conducted. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, documentation, and field visits. Findings Th

In the first part of this thesis discrete time hedging is considered. In paper A an adaptive hedging scheme where the hedge portfolio is re-balanced when the hedge ratios differ by some amount, here denoted eta, is investigated. An expression of the normalized expected mean squared hedging error as eta tends to zero is derived. The result is compared to an earlier result on discrete time hedging o

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to compare patients with advanced cancer receiving specialized palliative home care with those receiving conventional care. A hospital-based advanced home care programme was initiated, in order to enable patients to remain at home for a longer period and to choose to die at home. The allocation to advanced home care (AHC) or conventional care (CC) was perf

It has previously been shown by the authors that the pre-chamber ignition technique operating with fuel-rich pre-chamber combustion strategy is a very effective means of extending the lean limit of combustion with excess air in heavy duty natural gas engines in order to improve indicated efficiency and reduce emissions. This article presents a study of the influence of pre-chamber volume and nozzl

Popular Abstract in English All living things have the ability to detect and respond to changes in the surrounding environment and most of us take sensations caused by changes in light, sound, taste, temperature, and touch for granted. However, the process of detection and transmission of the signal generated to the brain is quite complex and some aspects not known. This thesis explores the sensorThe ability to sense and accommodate to an ever-changing environment is crucial for the survival of living organisms. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels comprise a large superfamily of cation conducting membrane proteins that function as molecular sensors in diverse sensory processes including perception of light, taste, smell, sound, touch and temperature. The TRP Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) i

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hudfibros, inre organengagemang och autoantikroppar vid systemisk skleros: longitudinell utveckling och effekt på överlevnad. Systemisk skleros kallas ofta för sklerodermi. Sjukdomen tillhör de systemiska bindvävssjukdomarna och handläggs i Sverige oftast av reumatologer. Kardinalsymtomet vid sklerodermi är förhårdnad hud vilket gett sjukdomen den dess namn. Sklero betySystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease with a highly variable prognosis. Since new treatment strategies are emerging, there is a need for prognostic markers in order to help allocate patients to the optimal treatment. When comparison is made to the general population, there is an increased mortality rate in this study, both in the series as a whole and in the subgroups of men and

The prototypical antimicrobial peptide, melittin, is well-known for its ability to induce pores in zwitterionic model lipid membranes. However, the mechanism by which melittin accomplishes this is not fully understood. We have conducted all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations which suggest that melittin employs a highly cooperative mechanism for the induction of both small and l

Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from wastewater treatment that contribute to its carbon footprint. As a result of the increasing awareness of GHG emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), new modelling, design, and operational tools have been developed to address and reduce GHG emissions at the plant-wide scale and beyond. This paper reviews t

The objective of this work is to establish under which conditions short RNA molecules (similar to miRNA) associate with zwitterionic phospholipids and how this differs from the association with cationic surfactants. We study how the base pairing (i.e., single stranded versus double stranded nucleic acids) and the length of the nucleic acid and the charge of the lipid/surfactant monolayer affect th

Popular Abstract in English This thesis is concerned with the efficient generation of ultra-short light pulses, far beyond the visible spectral range. Such light pulses can reach durations below 100 attoseconds, where one attosecond is one billionth of a billionth of a second. Why do we want to generate such extreme light pulses? Our knowledge of basic processes in physics and chemistry is to a

Abstract in UndeterminedWe bring together three decades of research from a boreal catchment to facilitate an improved mechanistic understanding of surface water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) regulation across multiple scales. The Krycklan Catchment Study encompasses 15 monitored nested research catchments, ranging from 3 to 6900 ha in size, as well as a set of monitored transects of forested and

Neural interface electrodes that can record from neurons in the brain for long periods of time will be of great importance to unravel how the brain accomplishes its functions. However, current electrodes usually cause significant glia reactions and loss of neurons within the adjacent brain parenchyma. To address this challenge, a novel, polymer-based neural probe, with protrusions tailored to the