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Interactions between immune cells such as T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are integral for mounting an adaptive immune response. The interaction between the T cell receptor (TCR) and the antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) on a contacting T cell and APC, is widely accepted to be the key interaction. If the interaction is favourable, then T cell activation occurs.
Measurement and feedback control are essential features of quantum science, with applications ranging from quantum technology protocols to information-to-work conversion in quantum thermodynamics. Theoretical descriptions of feedback control are typically given in terms of stochastic equations requiring numerical solutions, or are limited to linear feedback protocols. Here we present a formalism f
The gas flow field design plays a vital role in the cell performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, especially at high current densities. In this study, wavy flow channels are designed and adopted on the cathode side to enhance the mass transport process. Results demonstrate that the wavy flow channels proposed in this paper significantly improve cell performance at high current densities
For internal cooling of a turbine blade, various advanced rib turbulators can markedly contribute to the heat transfer enhancement while suffering a great increase in pressure loss. In those designs, ribs with the same configuration are periodically and evenly mounted on the channel wall. In this context, this work proposes a hierarchical design concept to optimize the rib arrangement with the des
Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have emerged as promising building blocks for optoelectronic applications. To fabricate high-performance devices, the relation between the material structures and their function in terms of excited state and charge carrier dynamics need to be well understood. In this thesis, we investigate photophysics of 2D lead halide perovskite with different compositions to rev
Two-dimensional terahertz strong-field spectroscopy reveals wave-mixing processes up to eighth order in a free-running quantum cascade laser, unravelling its sub-cycle gain dynamics and nonlinearities in a regime of negative absorption.
OBJECTIVE: Few studies address results from use of new technology and patient participation in hypertension management. The PERHIT Study is a multicentre randomised controlled trial with the aim to evaluate the effects of a person-centred approach using a web-based, interactive self-management system through the patient´s own mobile phone on blood-pressure and well-being. Primary aim is the degree
This thesis addresses how graphene can be a valuable asset for surface science studies. Using a combination of X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction, we take advantage of graphene’s sensitivity to changes in its chemical environment to obtain an atomic scale understanding of different reactions occurring above and below the film.As a
Objectives To compare risks for COVID-19-related outcomes in inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) and across disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) during the first two waves of the pandemic and to assess effects of the pandemic on rheumatology care provision. Methods Through nationwide multiregister linkages and cohort study design, we defined IJD and DMARD use annually in 2015-2020. We ass
The electronic band structure of complex nanostructured semiconductors has a considerable effect on the final electronic and optical properties of the material and, ultimately, on the functionality of the devices incorporating them. Valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy (VEELS) in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) provides the possibility of measuring this property of semiconductors w
The extremely small feature size and total sample volume of semiconductor nanowire materials has meant that advanced techniques have been required for even the most routine sample characterization since the structures were first reported. Electron microscopy has been the technique of choice for fast and reliable determination of nanowire morphology, structure, and composition since the earliest re
There have been reports of improvements in the thermoelectric figure of merit through the use of nanostructured materials to suppress the lattice thermal conductivity. Here, we report on a fundamental study of the combined effects of defect planes and surface scattering on phonon transport and thermoelectric properties of defect-engineered InAs nanowires. A microfabricated device is employed to me
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are man-made compounds that alter functions of the endocrine system. Environmental mixtures of EDCs might have adverse effects on human health, even though their individual concentrations are below regulatory levels of concerns. However, studies identifying and experimentally testing adverse effects of real-life mixtures are scarce. In this study, we aimed at
Objectives To estimate absolute and relative risks for all-cause mortality and for severe COVID-19 in inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) and with antirheumatic therapies. Methods Through Swedish nationwide multiregister linkages, we selected all adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=53 455 in March 2020), other IJDs (here: spondyloarthropathies, psoriatic arthritis and juvenile idiopathi
To investigate self-reported cold sensitivity and functional disability after a repaired digital nerve injury. We identified 3204 individuals operated with digital nerve repair in the Swedish national quality registry for hand surgery (HAKIR). Patient-reported symptoms, including cold sensitivity and perceived disability, were examined using two questionnaires (HQ-8 and QuickDASH), three and 12 mo
