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Background and purpose: Brachytherapy is sometimes suggested as an adjuvant treatment after surgery of some tumours. When introducing this, it would be useful to have an estimate of the dose distribution to different body sites, both near and distant to target, comparing conventional external irradiation to brachytherapy. The aim of the present study was to determine radiation doses with both meth

Background: Swedish nursing homes (NH) have limited capacity. As a result elderly people living in NH represent the part of the elderly population in most need of care. In Sweden a General Practitioner (GP) is usually responsible for the medical care of all subjects living in a NH. The residents in NH seldom have adequate pharmacological treatment according to diagnosis and often have polypharmacy

Background: As more people reach older age, there is a growing interest in improving old person's health, activity, independence and social participation, thereby adding quality to the extended years. Preventive home visits (PHV) programs for old people have received much attention in recent decades. A large body of research shows mixed effects, and argues that a home visit is a complex social pro

Background A minority of patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia who relapse are rescued. The aim of this population-based study was to assess the results of reinduction treatment and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients in second complete remission. Design and Methods Between 2003-2007, 76 adults (<66 years) with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Burkitt's leukemia exclu

Increased incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) is of major concern. However, by minimizing known risk factors, the incidence can be decreased. The aim of this investigation was to calculate the incidence and assess risk factors for CDI in our population. A 1-year prospective population-based nationwide study in Iceland of CDIs was carried out. For risk factor evaluatio

So far, studies on dietary antioxidant intake, including beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E, and breast cancer risk are inconclusive. Thus, we addressed this question in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. During a median follow-up time of 8.8 years, 7,502 primary invasive breast cancer cases were identified. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate ha

Popular Abstract in Swedish Stroke är en sjukdom som främst drabbar äldre och är den största anledningen till att människor får olika slags handikapp såsom förlamning och afasi. Det finns ännu ingen effektiv behandling för att lindra symtom och lidande efter en stroke, förutom rehabilitering, och därför kostar stroke samhället enormt mycket pengar. Befolkningen blir allt äldre, vilket även medför Cell replacement by neural transplantation can, in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, reconstruct damaged brain circuitry. In the clinical situation, the graft material used for cell therapy must, most likely, be of human origin. The human fetal brain is one potential source of neural stem cells (NSCs) for cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke. Stroke is

Experimental data obtained in this study (Part II) complement the speciation data presented in Part I, but also offer a basis for extensive facility cross-comparisons for both experimental ignition delay time (IDT) and laminar flame speed (LFS) observables. To improve our understanding of the ignition characteristics of propene, a series of IDT experiments were performed in six different shock tub

Kidney cancer and renal injuries affect millions of people in the world resulting in high patient morbidity and mortality, as well as one of the most extensive medical costs for society. Upon renal injury the kidney has an endogenous ability to repair damaged tubules and restore kidney function, provided that the patient receives adequate supportive care in time. The molecular basis for this regen

Aims. Until recently, most high-resolution spectroscopic studies of the Galactic thin and thick discs were mostly confined to objects in the solar vicinity. Here we aim at enlarging the volume in which individual chemical abundances are used to characterise the thin and thick discs, using the first internal data release of the Gaia-ESO survey (GES iDR1). Methods. We used the spectra of around 2000

Popular Abstract in Swedish Många av de äldre patienterna som är inlagda på sjukhus eller som bor i särskilda boenden inom äldreomsorgen är idag undernärda. En sammanställning av Socialstyrelsen över svenska studier under de senaste 20 åren visade på en genomsnittlig frekvens av undernäring på 28%. Ett otillräckligt kostintag leder till undernäring. Kroniska sjukdomar är ofta en bakomliggande orsThe aim of this thesis was to develop and test the feasibility of a dietary record routine, where nursing staff assess the patient’s food and fluid intake based on standardised portion sizes and household measurements. The energy intake (EI) was studied with a dietary record in 61 geriatric patients. During the 6-month follow-up 11 patients died and an EI below median (1378 kcal) was associated w

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hur man studerar kommunikation hos tallsteklar Totalt finns det cirka 125 beskrivna tallstekelarter i världen. De tillhör gruppen växtsteklar, och deras larver lever vanligen av tallbarr. Larvernas härjningar kan medföra att träden växer sämre eller rent av dör. Den färdiga stekeln äter inget, utan är helt inriktad på att para sig under sitt 10 –15 dagar korta liv i skPine sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) are severe pine defoliators. This thesis investigated sawfly behaviour related to the use of pheromones in integrated pest management, including monitoring with pheromone traps and mating disruption. Neodiprion sertiferr females were placed on pine twigs in the field and 11–30 % of the females that remained on their twig after the first mating re-mated. Onl

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hemicellulosa är en fantastisk källa av förnyelsebar råvara, vars användning har potental att bli kraftigt utökad i framtiden. Hemicellulosor är tillsammans, med lignin och cellulosa bland de mest förekommande klasserna av ämnen i växtcellernas väggar. Dessa tre beståndsdelar är tätt sammanlänkade, vilket gör det svårt att separera dem från varandra. Hemicellulosor är kHemicelluloses are tremendous sources of renewable raw materials, which utilisation have the potential to be highly increased in the future. Hemicelluloses are among the major groups of compounds in plant cell walls, together with cellulose and lignin. These three components are closely associated, making them difficult to separate from each other. Hemicelluloses are complex polysaccharides and tw

The Zeeman interaction in low-dimensional III-V semiconductor nanostructures is studied. The effective g-value of bulk InGaAs is measured by two different spin resonance techniques. Experimental conditions were found to control the Overhauser effect, thus enabling a highly accurate determination of the g-value, g* = -4.070 ± 0.005, being a prerequisite for theoretical modeling of low-dimensional

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den viktigaste funktionen för kroppens immunförsvar är att försvara oss mot främmande ämnen, t.ex. bakterier eller virus. Detta försvar är väldigt kraftfullt och interaktioner mellan ett par molekyler kan snabbt komma att omfatta miljontals molekyler och celler. En urspårad inflammatorisk process kan mycket snabbt komma att förstöra kroppens egen vävnad och därför finnsGoodpasture disease is a prototype autoimmune disease that is characterized by a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, with or without lung haemorrhage, associated with autoantibodies against the glomerular basement membrane. The major antigen has previously been shown to be the non-collagenous domain of the a3 chain of type IV collagen, one of the six known a chains of type IV collagen. On aver

We have evaluated capacitive and thermal transducers for recognition of bio- molecular interactions with different analytes. These assays were made in flow analysis systems because of the simplicity such methods provide. A capacitive transducer, based on a surface modified gold electrode, has the ability to monitor affinity based interactions directly, provided that the interactions introduce mea

Popular Abstract in Swedish De flesta växter lever i symbios med mykorrhizasvampar. I mykorrhizaroten, som utgör kontaktzonen mellan växten och den omgivande marken, sker ett utbyte av energi (kolhydrater) från växten till svampen, och näringsämnen (t.ex. kväve och fosfor) som tagits upp av mykorrhizasvampen överförs till växten. Från mykorrhizaroten utgår det externa mycelet, nätverket av svamphyMost plants live in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal roots constitute the interface between the plant and the soil, and almost every fine root of forest trees in nitrogen-limited boreal and temperate forests is colonised by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. The mycelia of EM and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi are very important for plant N uptake and N cycling in forest soils. Earlier labo

Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabetesfoten - Samhällsekonomiska kostnader, hälsoekonomiska aspekter, prevention och livskvalitet Orsak och förekomst. Fotsår är en relativt vanlig komplikation hos personer med diabetes. Ungefär 15% av alla vuxna diabetiker drabbas någon gång av fotsår. Orsakerna till att sår uppstår beror på en ökad risk för nervskador och kärlproblem hos diabetiker. Nervskadorna yThe overall aims were to investigate the economic consequences of foot complications in diabetic patients, to measure the influence of diabetic foot complications on health-related quality of life (HRQL), and to analyse the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations (LEA). The economic consequences of foot ulcers and LEA are large both in a short an

Web 2.0, popularly known as social media is gaining attention from organizations as a tool for capturing the tacit knowledge of employees. Social media has been highly successful in the internet which has gained it this attention. However, organizations, which employ social media inside have faced many hurdles to making them a success in meeting their goals. This does not mean that social media is

A tender offer is basically a technique to attain corporate control. It could be characterised as an offer to acquire shares of a company, whose shares are not closely held, addressed to the general body of shareholders, usually at a premium, with a view to obtaining at least sufficient shares to give the offeror voting control of the company. In the United States tender offers are governed by the