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Qualitative description of spray structure and geometry in the near-field region of atomizing sprays is particularly challenging due to the lack of visibility through such optically dense media. Similarly, quantitative determination of the optical depth can be particularly underestimated as a result of detecting photons which have experienced a number of scattering events. In this paper we demonst

Aim: To quantify avian distribution shifts and the extent of niche tracking in response to changing temperature and precipitation patterns. Location: Sweden. Methods: We used abundance monitoring data to quantify changes in bird species distributions between two time periods, 2000-02 and 2010-12. First we examined shifts at the level of whole distributions using population centroids in temperature

Background The zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) was recently identified as a common autoantigen in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and inclusion of ZnT8 autoantibodies (ZnT8Ab) was found to increase the diagnostic specificity of T1D. Objectives The main aims were to determine whether ZnT8Ab vary during follow-up 1 year after diagnosis, and to relate the reactivity of three types of ZnT8Ab to the residual stimulate

AimTo project the potential European distribution of seven broad habitat categories (needle-leaved, broad-leaved, mixed and mediterranean forest, urban, grassland and cropland) in order to assess effects of land use, climate change and increase in CO2 on predicted habitat changes up to the year 2050. LocationEurope. MethodWe modelled the response of European vegetation to changes in land use, clim

Tissue factor (TF)-mediated protease activated receptor (PAR)-2 signaling is associated with a pro-migratory, invasive and pro-angiogenic phenotype in experimental models of breast cancer, and has been mechanistically coupled to phosphorylation of the TF cytoplasmic domain (pTF). However, the clinical relevance of these findings are unknown. Here, we provide first in vivo evidence of TF phosphoryl

In this paper, we report experimentally and theoretically a surface photocatalysis reaction of 4-aminothiophenol (PATP) to p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) on Au, Ag, and Cu colloids. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SEAS) spectra of PATP on Au and Cu colloids are significantly different from the normal Raman spectrum of PATP powder. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that PATP on Au and Cu co

On the basis of a T = 1 icosahedral capsid model, the capsomer-polyion co-assembly process has been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations using capsomers with different net charge and charge distribution as well as linear, branched, and hyper-branched polyions. The assembly process was characterized in terms of the time-dependent cluster size probabilities, averaged cluster size, encapsul

Objective: The vagina makes a major contribution to the normal female sexual response cycle. An increase in vaginal blood flow is considered a key event in the mechanism of sexual arousal. Recent research has focused mainly on the cyclic GMP pathway and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5, cyclic GMP specific PDE) in the control of vaginal vascular smooth muscle, whereas only little is known on the rol

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den viktigaste funktionen för kroppens immunförsvar är att försvara oss mot främmande ämnen, t.ex. bakterier eller virus. Detta försvar är väldigt kraftfullt och interaktioner mellan ett par molekyler kan snabbt komma att omfatta miljontals molekyler och celler. En urspårad inflammatorisk process kan mycket snabbt komma att förstöra kroppens egen vävnad och därför finnsGoodpasture disease is a prototype autoimmune disease that is characterized by a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, with or without lung haemorrhage, associated with autoantibodies against the glomerular basement membrane. The major antigen has previously been shown to be the non-collagenous domain of the a3 chain of type IV collagen, one of the six known a chains of type IV collagen. On aver

We have evaluated capacitive and thermal transducers for recognition of bio- molecular interactions with different analytes. These assays were made in flow analysis systems because of the simplicity such methods provide. A capacitive transducer, based on a surface modified gold electrode, has the ability to monitor affinity based interactions directly, provided that the interactions introduce mea

In Sweden, the combination of the country’s natural ecological vulnerability to acidification and its geographical location has been domestic focal points for the treatment of the ‘acid rain’ issue. Political interest in the acidification issue in Sweden emerged in the late 1960s, when the problems of long-range transport of sulphuric compounds and their harmful environmental effects were first hi

Popular Abstract in Swedish De flesta växter lever i symbios med mykorrhizasvampar. I mykorrhizaroten, som utgör kontaktzonen mellan växten och den omgivande marken, sker ett utbyte av energi (kolhydrater) från växten till svampen, och näringsämnen (t.ex. kväve och fosfor) som tagits upp av mykorrhizasvampen överförs till växten. Från mykorrhizaroten utgår det externa mycelet, nätverket av svamphyMost plants live in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal roots constitute the interface between the plant and the soil, and almost every fine root of forest trees in nitrogen-limited boreal and temperate forests is colonised by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. The mycelia of EM and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi are very important for plant N uptake and N cycling in forest soils. Earlier labo

Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabetesfoten - Samhällsekonomiska kostnader, hälsoekonomiska aspekter, prevention och livskvalitet Orsak och förekomst. Fotsår är en relativt vanlig komplikation hos personer med diabetes. Ungefär 15% av alla vuxna diabetiker drabbas någon gång av fotsår. Orsakerna till att sår uppstår beror på en ökad risk för nervskador och kärlproblem hos diabetiker. Nervskadorna yThe overall aims were to investigate the economic consequences of foot complications in diabetic patients, to measure the influence of diabetic foot complications on health-related quality of life (HRQL), and to analyse the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations (LEA). The economic consequences of foot ulcers and LEA are large both in a short an

Popular Abstract in Swedish Migration (folkvandring) är idag en global företeelse. Orsaken till migrationen varierar och kan bero på krig och förföljelse, naturkatastrofer, familjeskäl, fattigdom, studier eller sökande efter arbete. I slutet av förra seklet var Sverige en nation där fattigdom och religiöst förtryck drev drygt en miljon människor över haven till Nordamerika och andra världsdelar. IAbstract Aims: To analyse the influence of migration status (country of birth/ethnicity), accultura-tion, socio-economic and psychosocial factors on self-reported psychiatric illness, suicide attempt, total mortality and violent death. Methods: Three main data sources were used: suicide attempts in the catchment area of Lund University Hospital (PASIS) during 1991–94; the Swedish Survey of Living

Popular Abstract in Swedish Många av dagens biotekniska processer syftar till att framställa protein. Det är proteinets användningsområde som är avgörande för vilka renhetskrav som ställs på produkten. I vissa fall måste proteinet vara helt fritt från föroreningar för att inte åstadkomma oönskade effekter. Vaccinframställning är ett exempel på en sådan tillämpning. För andra ändamål, t ex vid framTwo polymers, alginate and Eudragit S-100 were used as reversibly soluble-insoluble ligand carriers for the selective isolation of enzymes and lectins respectively. These two polymers have the inherent property of being precipitated under well defined conditions. Alginate was made insoluble by the addition of Ca2+ ions, and Eudragit S-100 by a pH shift. The polymers were modified with affinity lig

In 1998 renewable energy sources supplied 56 ± 10 exajoules,or about 14 percent of world primary energy consumption. Thesupply was dominated by traditional biomass (38 ± 10 exajoules a year. Other major contributions came from large hydropower (9 exajoules a year) and from modern biomass (7 exajoules). The contribution of all other renewables — small hydropower, geothermal, wind, solar, and marine

This book commemorates the 65th birthday of Karl Johan Åström, who is professor in Automatic Control at Lund Institute of Technology. Karl Johan Åström is one of the leading researchers of the world in automatic control. The contributions are chosen to illustrate some of the areas where Karl Johan Åström has been active in his research. The idea of the papers is also to point out new directions wi

Steady state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to investigated the energy transfer in photosynthetic purple bacteria. Picosecond light pulses were used in measurements of Rb. sphaeroides WT and a LH1-deleted mutant, demonstrating that the energy trapping into the reaction center in both species occur on the same time-scale, and that the excitation energy is