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There is still a need for new agents which improve upon the therapeutic index of tiotropium, the current standard of care for many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We examined in patients with COPD the efficacy of single doses of AZD9164, an M(3)-selective muscarinic antagonist, to identify an appropriate dose-range for future studies. COPD patients (n = 28) inhaled AZD9

Introduction Some patients with breast cancer develop local recurrence after breast-conservation surgery despite postoperative radiotherapy, whereas others remain free of local recurrence even in the absence of radiotherapy. As clinical parameters are insufficient for identifying these two groups of patients, we investigated whether gene expression profiling would add further information. Methods

Aim: To evaluate weekly, induction chemotherapy followed by weekly concomitant chemoradiotherapy in a multicentre phase II study of patients with wiresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; stage wet IIIB excluded). Patients (aid Methods: Eligible patients received three weekly cycles of paclitaxel 100 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC2 followed by six weekly cycles of paclitaxel 60 mg/m(2

The Medical Patients with Enoxaparin (MEDENOX) trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled study that defined the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in acutely ill, immobilized, general medical patients and the efficacy of the low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, in preventing thrombosis. We performed a post-hoc analysis to evaluate the effect of 40 mg enoxaparin once daily on MEDENOX patien

The purpose of our study was to develop specific, sensitive, objective assays for early detection of disseminated tumour cells in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) were chosen as markers because they are selectively expressed in epithelial cells with maintained expression in CRC. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays with RNA copy standa

The purpose of our study was to investigate the temporal malignant tumor incidence rates among the 70,000 residents at the relatively isolated Nanao Island in South China Sea. The data on all malignant tumor cases from Nanao Cancer Registry during 1995-2004 were coded, computerized, and analyzed using the software SPSS10.0. The tumor incident cases, crude incident rate, age-standardized incidence

We investigated the association between occupational factors and risk of bone sarcoma, a rare tumor with a largely unknown aetiology. A multicentric case-control study was conducted in 7 European countries in 1995-97. Ninety-six cases aged 35-69 years with a centrally reviewed diagnosis of bone sarcoma (68 chondrosarcomas and 28 osteosarcomas) were compared to 2,632 population (68%) or colon cance

Many models currently discussed in PR studies lack a supporting meta-theory of what managing communication is about, and consequently paint a simplistic picture of what communicating with publics or managing phenomena such as reputation actually means. While it is common to speak of “building” trust or “constructing” images, “cultivating” seems a more appropriate metaphor. Publics are complex, dyn

The objective of this study is to describe the social democratic ideological development in Sweden. This is done by analyzing the meaning that is given to the concept of economic democracy, a key component of the social democratic ideology, in the various Socialist party programs. The analysis of the concept has been performed from three perspectives: the vision of economic democracy as a means or

This thesis aims to show how indigeneity is used in the constitution of identity, and how the creation of identity and its underlying ideologies in turn are connected to global world systemic processes. Focus is on the Indian’s role in the constitution of identity of two disparate groups: the case studies which are presented here regard Mormons and The Rainbow Family of Living Light, the latter a

Climate change is an ever-increasing global phenomenon that affects the world on many levels, most notably environmentally. As some countries have better resources than others, and some are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than others, climate change has a varied priority among the countries in the world. The way to prevent climate change from increasing is through acts of climate

Context: Evidence-based software engineering (EBSE) provides a process for solving practical problems based on a rigorous research approach. The primary focus so far was on mapping and aggregating evidence through systematic reviews. Objectives: We extend existing work on evidence-based software engineering by using the EBSE process in an industrial case to help an organization to improve its auto

OBJECTIVE-Myocellular ATP synthesis (fATP) associates with insulin sensitivity in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Short-term endurance training can modify their fATP and insulin sensitivity. This study examines the effects of moderate long-term exercise using endurance or resistance training in this cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A randomized, parallel-group trial tes

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are structurally heterogeneous negatively charged polysaccharides. Endothelial GAGs, also known as glycocalyx, are involved in capillary permeability. In rat venules stimulated with proinflammatory substances ex vivo, the GAG-containing proteoglycan, syndecan-1, is shed from the endothelium. We wanted to investigate if we could trace the same response during septic shock