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The discovery of drivers of cancer has traditionally focused on protein-coding genes1-4. Here we present analyses of driver point mutations and structural variants in non-coding regions across 2,658 genomes from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium5 of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). For point mutations, we developed a st
Cancer develops through a process of somatic evolution1,2. Sequencing data from a single biopsy represent a snapshot of this process that can reveal the timing of specific genomic aberrations and the changing influence of mutational processes3. Here, by whole-genome sequencing analysis of 2,658 cancers as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Canc
A key mutational process in cancer is structural variation, in which rearrangements delete, amplify or reorder genomic segments that range in size from kilobases to whole chromosomes1-7. Here we develop methods to group, classify and describe somatic structural variants, using data from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC)
Somatic mutations in cancer genomes are caused by multiple mutational processes, each of which generates a characteristic mutational signature1. Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium2 of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we characterized mutational signatures using 84,729,690 somatic mutations from 4,645 who
Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that play critical roles in cancer. Here, as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium/The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium, which aggregated whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumor types, we performed a multidimensional, integrated characterization of mitochondrial genomes and relate
The first edition of Astrid Lindgren's book Pippi Langstrumpf (GDR/1975) is our starting point for this presentation. It is also our first joint presentation of our project “Pippi beyond the border” (The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies). The aim of the project is to examine the complex reception history of Astrid Lindgren's classic children's book Pippi Longstocking in the GDR, whi
Cerium oxide nanoparticles modified montmorillonite was obtained by interaction of a clay with (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6. The mean size of cerium oxide nanoparticles in clay was at 3.5 nm. The product was an amorphous solid and showed high permanent porosity and stability at high temperatures. The amorphous structure of the sample was proven by X-ray diffraction and electronic diffraction. The porous structu
Pippi lutar sig ut ur en grön inramning på en skiss som Ingrid Vang Nyman tecknade till den första boken om Pippi. Vid en jämförelse med den pärmbild som trycktes kan skissens djupverkan överaska. Som man förväntar sig av den rebelliska figur som uppträder i boken, tycks Pippi dessutom ha rivit sönder den grön yta som likt en pappersridå skiljer henne från betraktaren. En förklaring till att skiss
The spectral characteristics in the visible range of synthesized nanocomposites based on cadmium sulfide and ultradispersed polytetrafluoroethylene are investigated experimentally. Local perturbations are found in the long-wavelength regions of the reflection and absorption spectra, which are related to the optical transitions between the critical points of the valence and conduction bands of the
The spectral characteristics of absorption and photoluminescence of synthetic composite materials based on cadmium sulfide nanoparticles and polyethylene are studied in the visible and near-IR wavelength ranges. It is shown that the quantum efficiency of a material with CdS nanoparticles about 6 nm in size in a matrix of high-pressure polyethylene is the highest. The estimation of the photolumines
Cobalt-containing nanoparticles have been prepared via thermal decomposition of cobalt acetate on the surface of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) microgranules forming a fluidized bed over the surface of hot mineral oil. Using transmission electron microscopy, the average size of the cobalt-containing nanoparticles has been determined to be 3.6 nm. The composition and structure of the nanoparticle
We have prepared nanomaterials consisting of SiO 2 microgranules and Fe-containing nanoparticles on their surface and determined the size and composition of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are shown to have a core-shell structure (α-Fe core and γ-Fe 2O 3 shell). The α-Fe core and Fe 2O 3 shell are responsible, respectively, for the broad and narrow lines in the EMR spectrum of the nanoparticl
Nanosized copper-containing particles stabilized on the surface of polymer nanograins were obtained by thermal decomposition of copper-containing precursors in a fluidized bed of ultradispersed polytetrafluoroethylene. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the average size of nanoparticles is 10-12 nm. The structure of the particles was determined by EXAFS, EPR, and X-ray powder diffraction
In this work we demonstrate that it is possible to create new magnetic material based on metal-containing nanoparticles stabilized on the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene nanogranules. Magnetic properties of these materials have been investigated. The materials were prepared by a method of thermal decomposition of metal-containing compounds in the heated polytetrafluoroethylene-oil system. Trans
Nanoparticles of Fe1-xMnx (0.07 < x < 0.20) alloys are studied using electron magnetic resonance in the temperature range 295-500 K. It is found that the temperature and manganese concentration in the nanoparticles have a noticeable effect on their electron magnetic resonance spectra. It is suggested that the Fe1-xMnx nanoparticles contain phases with different magnetic properties and that the rel
Nanocomposites of high-pressure polyethylene and zinc oxide nanoparticles are synthesized through thermal decomposition of zinc acetate. The phase composition of the nanocomposites is determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the average size of ZnO nanoparticles is evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The average size of the nanoparticles varies from 1 to 10 nm, depending on the ZnO co
The aim of this presentation is to examine the complex reception history of Astrid Lindgren's classic children's book “Pippi Longstocking” in the GDR based on the appearance and paper quality of the various editions. “Pippi Longstockning” was published in two different editions in 1975 and 1988 by the East Berlin Children's Book Publishing House (Kinderbuchverlag Berlin). The differences between t
