When liquids flowing through a throttling element, such as a perforated plate, the velocity increases and the pressure decreases. If the pressure is below the saturated vapor pressure, the liquid will vaporize into small bubbles, which is called hydraulic cavitation. In fact, vaporization nucleus is another crucial condition for vaporizing. The nanoparticles contained in the nanofluids play a sign

BACKGROUND: Proteomic approaches allow measurement of thousands of proteins in a single specimen, which can accelerate biomarker discovery. However, applying these technologies to massive biobanks is not currently feasible because of the practical barriers and costs of implementing such assays at scale. To overcome these challenges, we used a "virtual proteomic" approach, linking genetically predi

The oral antidiabetic drug metformin is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties through activation of AMP kinase, thus protecting various brain tissues as cortical neurons, for example. However, the effect of metformin on the substantia nigra (SN), the main structure affected in Parkinson’s disease (PD), has not yet been studied in depth. Inflammation is a key feature of PD and it may play a

Mesopolobus incultus auct. is hypothesized to consist of two different species, M. amyntor (Walker) and M incultus (Walker). This hypothesis is supported by molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, i.e. COI), morphological and biological data. Mesopolobus amyntor is a primary parasitoid of Mecinus pascuorum (Gyllenhal) and M. labilis (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Plantago lanceolata. M

In this paper we address the problem of registering and merging two maps in two dimensions, given covariance estimates of the two maps. We show that if two maps are given in the same coordinate system, then the problem of merging them in a statistically optimal way can be formulated as a linear least squares problem, but if they are given in different coordinate systems as well the problem becomes

An optimal plasmonic resonance is derived for small homogeneous and isotropic inclusions in a lossy surrounding medium. The optimal resonance is given in terms of any particular eigenmode (electrostatic resonance) associated with the double-layer potential for a smooth, but otherwise arbitrary surface.

The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is designed to be the world's brightest neutron source. When it will be in operation, ESS will deliver an instantaneous neutron flux on detectors that will be without precedent. A down side of the high brightness will be the increase of background, especially from gamma-rays and fast-neutrons.Considering that scatt

Many studies have been, and are currently, conducted on how virtual agents should be designed and used for training and learning. In this paper we address the question of how such agents are introduced to users in systems and classroom settings, and the possible effect that have on how they are perceived, and the reactions and behavior that they invoke. We specifically investigated a system where

We develop an algorithm for recursively constructing orthogonal multiplet bases for the color space of QCD, for any order of partons and any Nc. This recipe is then applied for explicitly constructing some of these bases. Using the bases, a corresponding set of Wigner 6j coefficients are calculated. The Wigner coefficients offer a method of using multiplet bases without resorting to the explicit e

Concomitant reactions to palladium chloride (PdCl2), sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2PdCl4), and nickel hexahydrate sulphate (NiSO4·6H2O) are very common during patch testing and have mainly been explained by cross-sensitisation. Whether there is variation in reactivity to palladium or covariation to nickel and palladium is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in patch

Background: Patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease(CCHD) have haemostatic abnormalities, which result in an increased risk of bleeding. The cause is unknown, but recent studies have indicated that an elevated haematocrit, which is present in cyanotic patients, could be an important factor. The aim of this study was to characterize the haemostatic profile, examine how changes in haematocri

Aim The forest steppe of the Transylvanian Plain is a landscape of exceptionally diverse steppe-like and semi-natural grasslands. Is this vegetation a remnant of a once continuous temperate forest extensively cleared by humans, or has the area, since the last glacial, always been a forest steppe? Understanding the processes that drive temperate grassland formation is important because effective ma

Climbing fiber receptive fields are a physiological marker that have proven useful to delineate the details of the olivocerebellar circuitry. They have also proven useful as a point of reference to delineate the organization of other parts of the cerebellar circuitry. But what does the location of the climbing fiber receptive field imply and what is its relation to the presumed role of the cerebel

Coherent dynamics in bacterial reaction centres were studied by electronic 2D spectroscopy at 80 K temperature. Polarization measurements together with Fourier analysis allowed assignment of observed population time beatings at different frequencies to the coherences of electronic and vibrational character.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the persistence of an antibody response 1.5 years after vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondyloarthropathy (SpA) treated with different antirheumatic drugs. Methods: Of 505 patients initially recruited, data on current antirheumatic treatment and blood samples were obtained fr

Despite the ban by the European Union, anabolic steroids might still be illicitly employed in bovine meat production. The surveillance of misuse of such potentially harmful molecules is necessary to guarantee consumers' health. Analytical methods for drug residue control are based on LC-MS/MS, but their efficacy can be hindered due to undetectable residual concentrations as a result of low-dosage

Generative product design systems used in the context of mass customization are required to generate diverse solutions quickly and reliably without necessitating modification or tuning during use. When such systems are employed to allow for the mass customization of product form, they must be able to handle mass production and engineering constraints that can be time-consuming to evaluate and diff