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Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om hur bränsleetanol kan produceras från barrved för att användas som ersättning för bensin. Den största fördelen med detta är att genom att använda etanol tillverkad av råmaterial från växtriket ökar vi inte växthuseffekten. Den koldioxid som frigörs vid förbränningen av etanolen tas åter upp av växtligheten och vi får ett slutet kretslopp. AndFuel ethanol can be produced from lignocellulosics by the enzymatic hydrolysis process, which consists of a pretreatment step prior to hydrolysis, followed by fermentation and finally refining. This thesis deals with the development of the enzymatic process using softwood as raw material. The focus has not only been on how to obtain high yields, but also on how to solve problems, which can arise i

In order to support the development of optimal housing options for older people, we need to increase our understanding of relations between aspects of housing and aspects of health in old and very old age. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to explore whether and how aspects of housing are related to life satisfaction and perceived health among very old, single-living Swedish people.

A group of 74 psychiatric patients who had undergone psychodynamic therapy (PDT; 24 women, 10 men), cognitive psychotherapy (CPT; 9 women, 2 men) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; 17 women, 12 men) were given the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm), a percept-genetic technique, both prior to therapy and four months after completing it, at which time they evaluated by questionnaire the

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is characterized by its ability to: (a) degrade glucose or fructose to ethanol, even in the presence of oxygen (Crabtree effect); (b) grow in the absence of oxygen; and (c) generate respiratory-deficient mitochondrial mutants, so-called petites. How unique are these properties among yeasts in the Saccharomyces clade, and what is their origin? Recent progress in g

Objectives: The aim of this survey was to compare stressful life events, social support and sense of coherence (SOC) between frequent attenders (FAs) and normal attenders (controls) in primary health care. Study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary healthcare centre in the south-west of Sweden. Methods: A postal questionnaire was sent to 263 frequent attenders and 703 normal

A search for a narrow baryonic resonance decaying to K(s)(0)p or K-s(0)(p) over bar is carried out in deep inelastic ep scattering with the H1 detector at HERA. ss Such a resonance could be a strange pentaquark Theta(+), evidence for which has been reported by several experiments. The K(s)(0)p and K-s(0)(p) over bar invariant ss mass distributions presented here do not show any significant peak in

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund: Det första elektrokardiogrammet (EKG) utfördes 1887 av Augustus Desiré Waller. Det innebar att spänningsskillnader mellan olika delar av hjärtat, under hjärtats arbete dvs. vid upprepade sammandragningar och avslappningar, kunde registreras med elektroder på kroppens yta. Metoden utvecklades vidare av Willem Einthoven, som fick nobelpriset för sitt arbete 1924Background and Methods: Signal-averaging ECG (SAECG), a bioelectrical processing method, is a further development of the conventional ECG. SAECG can detect voltage potentials in the microvolt range and provide a noise-reduced determination of QRS duration. Extended frequency spectra can be analysed. In adult patients after myocardial infarction it is used to predict the risk for arrhythmias and su

Vanadia was deposited on TiO2, ZrO2, HfO2, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5 supports using impregnation with either an oxalic acid solution of NH4VO3 or a solution of vanadyl acetylacetonate in ethanol. Prepared samples, with a nominal vanadia content in the range 0.5–2 monolayers, were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman and infrared spectroscopy, and were us

We describe the qualitative dynamics and bifurcation set for a laser with injected signal for small cavity detunings. The main organizing center is the Hopf-saddle-node bifurcation from where a secondary Hopf bifurcation of a periodic orbit originates. We show that the laser's stable cw solution existing for low injections, also suffers a secondary Hopf bifurcation. The resonance structure of both

Lifetimes of fine-structure levels in 2s2p3p D-4 and 2s2p3d F-4(o) quartets are calculated in the boron isoelectronic sequence, for C II to F V, using a multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock approach. These quartets are known from earlier experimental and theoretical studies to have different lifetimes for different J-levels, owing to spin-induced transitions, mainly to doublet states in 2s(2)2p and 2s2

Background and aims: Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIIP) is a severe motility disorder associated with significant morbidity. Several histopathological ( neuropathic and myopathic) phenotypes have been described but only a single adult with jejunal smooth ( circular) muscle alpha-actin deficiency. We present a prospective multinational case series investigating smooth muscle al

In a long-term prospective study, 39 preterm children born before 35 completed weeks of gestation and 23 full-term children were followed up at 4, 9 and 19 years of age. Psychometric evaluation of the cognitive development at 4 years of age showed that the preterms fell within the normal range, although their performance was inferior to that of the full-terms. This difference between the groups wa

An approach to teaching calorimetry is offered through practical, versatile undergraduate experiments using an isothermal heat conduction calorimeter, which measures a variety of heat changes--enthalpies of phase changes, hydration, dissolution, adsorption and desorption, and reaction--as well as the metabolic rate of living organisms. Isothermal heat-conduction calorimetry is contrasted with adia