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Polynomial composition is the operation of replacing the variables in a polynomial with other polynomials. In this paper we give sufficient and necessary conditions on a set $Theta$ of noncommutative polynomials to assure that the set $G circ Theta$ of composed polynomials is a Gröbner basis in the free associative algebra whenever $G$ is. The subject was initiated by H. Hong, who treated the comm
Today, the underlying theoretical and methodological foundations as well as implementations in the field of accessibility are largely based on plans, metrics and heuristics. There is an obvious tension between these norms and those of the overall spirit of the times, which leans heavily towards improvisations, diversity, and ever-changing affordances. The parallel evolution of human computer inter
Seasonal changes oi leachate production and water-flux-dependent leachate quality from two test cells containing 4,000 t of refuse each were investigated. Pronounced seasonal dependence of the leachate production appeared three years after the final covering of the test cells. With seasonal dependent production, a number of leachate parameters showed water-Aux-dependent trends. The dependence was
A method was designed for rapid and reliable demonstration of the presence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus retrieved from 5 1 water samples. Viruses together with an added carrier protein were adsorbed to a resin of an added anion exchanger. Then the resin was collected rapidly and quantitatively through a specific device which we designed. The resin was transferred to a column from which
We report on the application of polarization spectroscopy in the midinfrared spectral region for the detection of methane by probing its asymmetric ro-vibrational transitions. Tunable infrared laser radiation, near 3.4 mum, was obtained from difference-frequency generation in a LiNbO3 crystal. Infrared polarization spectroscopy (IRPS) spectra of the P, Q and R branches of the nu(3) band, recorded
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and other long terminal repeat (LTR)–containing elements comprise a significant portion (8%) of the human genome and are likely vestiges of retroviral infections during primate evolution. Many of the HERVs present in human DNA have retained functional promoter, enhancer, and polyadenylation signals, and these regulatory sequences have the potential to modify t
An Autonomously Guided Vehicle using both odometry and visual data for navigation needs calibration parameters. These include camera placement as well as parameters relating odometry to vehicle motion. Calibration of these parameters is related to the Hand-Eye calibration problem. Instead of using a calibration target or trying to solve for structure and motion a novel method using the continuous
The tightness and integrity of all Swedish reactor containments depend directly and indirectly on the function of the post-tensioned system. The tendon force in containments with unbonded tendons is followed up at regular in-service inspections (ISI) to ensure that the remaining force is sufficient. At the inspections, the tendon force is measured with so-called lift-off technique, where a jack is
We studied the physiological, metabolic and hormonal mechanisms underlying the elevated risk of type 2 diabetes in carriers of TCF7L2 gene. We undertook genotyping of 81 healthy young Danish men for rs7903146 of TCF7L2 and carried out various beta cell tests including: 24 h glucose, insulin and glucagon profiles; OGTT; mixed meal test; IVGTT; hyperglycaemic clamp with co-infusion of glucagon-like
Mucosal pathogens target sites of infection through specific adherence to host glycoconjugate receptors. As a consequence, depletion of such receptors from the cell surface may be expected to inhibit attachment, impair bacterial colonization and reduce the activation of mucosal inflammation. We have used the glucose analogue and glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis inhibitor N-butyldeoxynojirimyci
Objective: Constant exposure of pancreatic islets to high levels of glucose or free fatty acids can lead to irreversible beta-cell dysfunction, a process referred to as glucotoxicity or lipotoxicity, respectively. In this context a role for nitric oxide generated by pancreatic islet has been suggested. The present investigation examined whether the route of glucose administration, i.e., given oral
von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a bleeding disorder caused by inherited defects in the concentration, structure, or function of von Willebrand factor (VWF). VWD is classified into three primary categories. Type 1 includes partial quantitative deficiency, type 2 includes qualitative defects, and type 3 includes virtually complete deficiency of VWF. VWD type 2 is divided into four secondary categori
Ga diffusion from focused ion beam (FIB) milled grooves has been studied using x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) and mirror electron microscopy (MEM). We analyze the surface chemistry of the FIB structures measuring the Ga presence in the top layers of the milled grooves and morphological defects inside the grooves. The Ga is initially strictly confined to the grooves. However, annea
Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A) have been related to depression pathology. Specific 5-HT2A receptor changes seen in BDNF conditional mutant mice suggest that BDNF regulates the 5-HT2A receptor level. Here we show a direct effect of BDNF on 5-HT2A receptor protein levels in primary hippocampal neuronal and mature hippocampal organotypic cultures
The freely dissolved concentration (C-free) of pollutants is generally believed to be bioavailable and thus responsible for toxic effects. The C-free of organic weak acids and bases consists of a dissociated and a nondissociated fraction. By using chlorophenols as model compounds, a negligible-depletion extraction technique, equilibrium sampling through membranes (ESTM), was developed for the meas
