Objective To describe the effect of vaginal delivery with no clinically recognized sphincter tear on endosonographic anal sphincter morphology and sphincter pressure and to relate endosonographic results to anal sphincter pressure and anal incontinence score. Study design Thirty-two nullipara underwent anal endosonography and anal manometry in the third trimester of pregnancy, 2 weeks and 6 mon

MreB forms a cytoskeleton in many rod-shaped bacteria which is involved in cell shape determination and chromosome segregation. PCR-based and Southern analysis of various actinomycetes, supported by analysis of genome sequences, revealed mreB homologues only in genera that form an aerial mycelium and sporulate. We analysed MreB in one such organism, Streptomyces coelicolor. Ectopic overexpression

Objective - ADP plays an important role in platelet aggregation by activating P2Y(12) receptors. We assessed the hypothesis that P2Y(12) receptors are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Methods and Results - P2Y(12) receptor mRNA was found to have a high expression among the P2 receptors in human VSMC, significantly higher than the other 2 ADP receptors (P2Y(1) and P2Y(13), real-tim

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The effect of some environmentally relevant factors including salinity, pH, and humic acids on the availability of bisphenol A (BPA) was evaluated by using the negligible-depletion solid-phase microextraction (nd-SPME) biomimetic method. With the variation of salinity (0-500 mM NaCl) and pH (5.0-8.5) of aqueous solutions, the partition coefficients of BPA between the nd-SPME fiber and the aqueous

The implementation of the Rio protocol and the preservation of biodiversity at national and regional level is an important step in achieving a sustainable forestry. This is indeed a challenging task since our knowledge of the ecology and habitat demands for but a few species is severely restricted. Research in the last years show that forest species have very different qualitative and spatial dema

As computational Grids move away from the prototyping state, reliability, performance and ease of use and maintenance become focus areas of their adoption. In this paper, we describe ARC (Advanced Resource Connector) Grid middleware, where these issues have been given special consideration. We present an in-depth view of the existing components of ARC, and discuss some of the new components, funct

The synthesis of two galabioside (Golalpha1-4Gal) collections based on diversification at the O-1 and O-3' atoms is reported. The galabiosides were evaluated as inhibitors of hemagglutination of human erythrocytes by two strains of Escherichia coli that expressed the class I and class II PapG adhesins, respectively. The class I adhesin. was found to prefer aromatic substituents both at the O-1 and

Clinical trials of pharmaceuticals have been running in Russia for more than ten years and while it is an attractive location for research, it remains a largely untapped resource as researchers look to expand patient recruitment outside the Western world. While academic sites like Moscow, St Petersburg and Novosibirsk have all gained experience in clinical trials, smaller hospitals in peripheral

Most literature on international cooperation focuses on the phase leading up to the signing of a treaty, while neglecting the dynamics of bargaining in the aftermath of an international agreement. Reviewing existing literature, we find that bargaining theory deals almost exclusively with the pre-agreement phase and that the enforcement and management schools in the study of compliance are predomin

In this first clinical trial liposome-encapsulated iodixanol, CT particles (CTP) were studied. The aims of the present trial were to assess the efficacy of CTP in CT and to determine the safety of different doses of CTP. A total of 47 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the present study. The CTP was administered at doses 10, 30, 70 and 100 mg encapsulated I/kg bw. Efficacy was assessed using sing

We argue that ferromagnetic transition metal nanoparticles with fewer than approximately 100 atoms can be described by an effective Hamiltonian with a single giant spin degree of freedom. The total spin S of the effective Hamiltonian is specified by a Berry curvature Chern number that characterizes the topologically nontrivial dependence of a nanoparticle's many-electron wave function on magnetiza

The day-to-day variation in oxygen consumption ((V) over dot O-2) during ergometer cycling by 20 healthy adolescents, 10 females and 10 males, was measured using indirect calorimetry. The two sets of measurements were performed on two consecutive days. Great care was taken to minimize possible disturbing factors. Cycling started at 50 and 100 W for female and male adolescents, respectively. The lo

77 species of Hieraciurn sect Hieracium known from the province of Ostergotland are treated with standardized descriptions, determination keys and illustrations. Sixty-one species are indigenous, two of these are endemic, and 16 have been introduced accidentally with grass-seed from central Europe. Compared to other south-Swedish provinces, the Hieracium-flora of Ostergotland is very rich in speci

The time-dependent traveling salesman problem (TDTSP) is a variant of TSP with time-dependent edge costs. We study some restrictions of TDTSP where the number of edge cost changes are limited. We find competitive ratios for online versions of TDTSP. From these we derive polynomial time approximation algorithms for graphs with edge costs one and two. In addition, we present an approximation algorit