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Background: Recent studies revealed that many mammalian protein- coding genes also transcribe their complementary strands. This phenomenon raises questions regarding the validity of data obtained from double-stranded cDNA microarrays since hybridization to both strands may occur. Here, we wanted to analyze experimentally the incidence of antisense transcription in human cells and to estimate their
We predict that in a narrow gap III-V semiconductor quantum well or quantum wire, an observable electron spin current can be generated with a time-dependent gate to modify the Rashba spin-orbit coupling constant. Methods to rectify the so generated ac current are discussed. An all-electric method of spin-current detection is suggested, which measures the voltage on the gate in the vicinity of a tw
The spin-state of cytochrome b559 (Cyt b559) was studied in photosystem II (PSII) membrane fragments by low-temperature EPR spectroscopy. Treatment of the membranes with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) converts the native low-spin (LS) form of Cyt b559 to the high-spin (HS) form characterized with the g= 6.19 and g= 5.95 split signal. The HS Cyt b559 was pH dependent with the amplitu
OBJECTIVE - To elucidate whether family characteristics and stressful life events were associated with onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in young adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This investigation was based on a nation-wide study (Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden) of newly diagnosed patients aged 15-34 years. Patients clinically classified as type 1 diabetic with antibodies to islet cell
The interaction between dye and semiconductor is a central aspect of dye-sensitized solar cells. We have in this paper studied the binding of the common ligand bi-isonicotinic acid (4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine) to TiO2 anatase (101) surfaces by means of quantum chemical calculations. Different adsorption models were studied with carboxyl oxygens binding to surface Ti atoms, and the acidic proto
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), but reports have been inconsistent. We genotyped the VDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI in 1139 case patients and control subjects and 382 families from The Gambia, Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau. The transmission-disequilibrium test on family data showed a signifi
We prove the existence of the old and metal-rich moving group HR 1614. This is done using the new Hipparcos parallaxes in combination with metallicities derived from Strömgren photometry, supported by dynamical simulations of the evolution of old moving groups in the galactic potential. A new selection criterion for this moving group is presented as well as a new, extended sample of probable membe
This study is based on a total cohort (N = 192) of people born in 1902 and 1903 and living in southern Sweden. Subjects were assessed at baseline when 67 years of age and on eight further occasions over 34 years or until death. The participation rate in the nine examinations ranged from 78-100%. Interviews, psychological tests, and medical examinations were used as well as information on medical d
1. Studies of aquatic environments have shown that community organisation may strongly affect ecosystem functioning. One common phenomenon is a change in nutrient level following a shift in the fish community composition. Although several hypotheses have been suggested, there is no consensus on which mechanisms are involved. Our study evaluated indirect effects of benthivorous fish on the biogeoch
As reduction of sample complexity is a central issue in membrane proteomic research, the need for new pre-fractionation methods is significant. Here we present a method for fast and efficient enrichment of Escherichia coli inner membranes expressing a His-tagged integral membrane L-fucose-proton symporter (FucP). An enriched inner membrane fraction was obtained from a crude membrane mixture using
We present CHS, a computer program designed to calculate the condensation energy of the homogeneous superconducting electron gas. The correlation energy, which we treat at the level of the RPA, is an essential ingredient for the construction of a local density approximation in the framework of density functional theory for superconductors (SCDFT) [Kurth et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 2628].
Spectrographic graphite electrodes were modified through adsorption with laccase from Trametes versicolor. The laccase-modified graphite electrode was used as the working electrode in an amperometric flow-through cell for monitoring phenolic compounds in a single line flow injection system. The experimental conditions for bioelectrochemical determination of catechol were studied and optimized. The
The thalassaemia syndromes, endemic in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, the Far East and in tropical Africa, are the most common hereditary disorders in humans, and millions of people are affected by diseases. Due to a widespread population flow between continents in recent past centuries, the thalassaemias are now occurring with relatively high frequency in many n
I focus on the distinction between sensation and perception. Perceptions contain additional information that is useful for interpreting sensations. Following Grush, I propose that emulators can be seen as containing (or creating) hidden variables that generate perceptions from sensations. Such hidden variables could be used to explain further cognitive phenomena, for example, causal reasoning.
Two approaches based on alkaline hydrolysis, in combination with either stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) or sonication, were developed for the determination of banned azo dyes in bovine leather. All dyes were determined indirectly by measuring their corresponding harmful amines, formed after chemical reduction. Quantification was performed by employing standard addition methodology to compensat
BACKGROUND: Blockade of CD40 ligand (CD40L; CD154, gp39) is a potential treatment for autoimmune disease and allograft rejection. However, CD40L-/- mice are capable of mobilizing cellular immune responses to viral, parasitic, and intracellular bacterial infections as well as rejecting skin grafts with nearly the same efficiency as wild-type mice. CD40L-deficient mice (CD40L-/-) or wild-type mice t
