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A generalized constitutive relation error is proposed in an analogous form to Fenchel-Young inequality on the basis of the key idea of Legendre-Fenchel duality theory. The generalized constitutive relation error is linked with the global errors of some admissible solutions for the problem in question, and is of wide applicability, especially in a posteriori error estimations of numerical methods.
As a generalization of the work in [Lee et al., 2017], this note briefly discusses when the prior of a neural network output follows a Gaussian process, and how a neural-network-induced Gaussian process is formulated. The posterior mean functions of such a Gaussian process regression lie in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space defined by the neural-network-induced kernel. In the case of two-layer
The development of physics-informed deep learning is radically changing compu-tational science and engineering, allowing for an effective integration ofphysics-based and datadriven modeling. Deep learning provides a powerful tool forthe discovery of governing dynamics underneath data and enables nonlinear model-reduction. A Bayesian viewpoint of deep learning is discussed in this chapter towards t
This article analyses the birth care beliefs practiced in a Punjabi village. Birth care is an important practice that ensures a safe and uncomplicated birth for both mother and child. The study presents an in-depth exploration of the human–divine connection and its symbolic manifestation in birth care rituals in rural Muslim communities. Utilising unstructured interviews with midwives, mothers, el
Framed within the social constructionist interpretive phenomenological approach, I explore the perceptions and social experiences of two Arab girls living in Sweden. A phenomenological interpretive analysis was used to examine the unstructured in-depth interviews. The research focuses on the migrants' perceptions of social integration framed as a ‘melting pot’ to a ‘salad bowl’ integration. The ‘m
Social resilience is a relatively new concept that has recently attracted researchers in the social sciences. In the 21st century, it is becoming significant in sustainability studies in the context of social well-being and its impact on quality of life. Cultural adherence, informal social networking, local knowledge and belief practices, the social value of relationships and community members, an
• We aimed to capture possible insights from an AI diagnosing without human guidance.• We believe the result mainly aligns with previous knowledge. Though, vital signs and sex did not aid the AI diagnostics.
Trots att titthålsteknik rekommenderas i det nationella vårdprogrammet för tarmcancer ses betydande skillnader mellan enskilda sjukhus, skriver kirurgen Peter Matthiessen.
Aims. In this work, we aim to make a differential comparison of the neutron-capture and p-process element molybdenum (Mo) in the stellar populations in the local disk(s) and the bulge, focusing on minimising possible systematic effects in the analysis. Methods. The stellar sample consists of 45 bulge and 291 local disk K-giants observed with high-resolution optical spectra. The abundances are dete
The role of magnetic fields for the formation of planets is reviewed. Protoplanetary disc turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability has a huge influence on the early stages of planet formation. Small dust grains are transported both vertically and radially in the disc by turbulent diffusion, counteracting sedimentation to the mid-plane and transporting crystalline material from the ho
We explore the growth of planetary embryos by planetesimal accretion up to and beyond the point at which pebble accretion becomes efficient at the so-called Hill-transition mass. Both the transition mass and the characteristic mass of planetesimals that formed by the streaming instability increase with increasing distance from the star. We developed a model for the growth of a large planetesimal (
In the cerebellum, granule cells make parallel fibre contact on (and excite) Golgi cells and Golgi cells inhibit granule cells, forming an open feedback loop. Parallel fibres excite Golgi cells synaptically, each making a single contact. Golgi cells inhibit granule cells in a structure called a glomerulus almost exclusively by GABA spillover acting through extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. Golgi cell
Aiming to mitigate negative impacts of climate change, climate adaptation policy and practice increasingly engages with nuanced and differentiated impacts of climate change. Existing adaptation approaches and research informing them largely focus on outcomes of climactic events, but lack consideration of power structures shaping these phenomena and experiences of them. From a feminist peace perspe
The Fire Impact Tool uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) methods to assess the local and global environmental impact of the response of the Fire and Rescue Services (FRS) to enclosure fires and vehicle fires. The tool provides examples of fires and allows responder to compare the impact of different extinguishment techniques.This report presents the methodology
Background: Breathlessness is a troublesome and prevalent symptom in the population, but knowledge of related factors is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the factors most strongly associated with breathlessness in the general population and to describe the shapes of the associations between the main factors and breathlessness.Methods: a cross-sectional analysis of the multicentre popu
Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Heat waves and cold spells pose a threat to human health, well-being and productivity. The impact of thermal stress depends on not only climate factors, but also individual factors and vulnerability. Current heat wave early warning systems are mainly based on air temperature. It is necessary to extend and improve c
Pathogens cause disease and play an important role in shaping evolution of the host immune system. They create pressure on host immunity to evolve in numerous ways, most commonly by increasing divergence between species (positive selection) or increasing polymorphisms within a population (balancing selection). Especially with balancing selection, trade-offs between different traits, for example re
In this paper, we present two thermalized setups for in situ operando X-ray diffraction data collection in temperature ranging from 0° to 100 °C: a modified Leriche cell and a coin cell chamber. Both setups proved proper thermalization and representative electrochemistry. While the coin cell chamber may only be used in transmission mode, the modified Leriche cell can also be used in reflection mod
Background: Sweets, chocolate, and sweet bakery products are generally high in energy and added sugar, whereas the levels of essential nutrients and fibre are low. According to sales statistics, the consumption of sweets and chocolate is high in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Objective: This scoping review describes the totality of evidence for the role of sweets and other sugary foods for healt
