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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increases beta-cell function and growth through protein kinase A- and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K)/protein kinase B, respectively. GLP-1 acts via a G protein-coupled receptor, and PI3-K gamma is known to be activated by G(beta gamma). Therefore, the role of PI3-K gamma in the chronic effects of GLP-1 on the beta-cell was investigated using PI3-K gamma knock

Carbonyl carotenoids are important constituents of the antenna complexes of marine organisms. These carotenoids possess an excited state with a charge-transfer character ( intramolecular charge transfer state, ICT), but many details of the carotenoid to chlorophyll energy transfer mechanisms are as yet poorly understood. Here, we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study energy

Polymer-coated pellets with different coating thicknesses have been studied regarding coating morphology and drug release properties with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal Raman microscopy. The results were compared with those from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and drug release profiles, which have been measured previously for these systems and found to vary depending on coating thic

In hybrid zones genetically differentiated populations meet and interbreed. As they result from ongoing divergence and potential speciation, such zones provide opportunities to study how different factors affect this process. One well-known avian hybrid zone is that between the Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix and Carrion Crow C. c. corone, which extends throughout much of Europe. We compare the c

In this paper we empirically test the role of firm-specific financial characteristics as drivers of international investment and production. We hypothesize that financial strength generates advantages that can be exploited through cross-border investment activity. The hypothesis is tested in a series of binary-response models, using a sample of 1379 European non-financial firms' international acqu

Although smoking is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), many individuals remain healthy after many years of smoking. The population based cohort 'Men born in 1914' was used to investigate whether the occurrence of non-invasively detected atherosclerosis among smokers is associated with lung function [(i.e. height-adjusted forced expiratory volume during 1 s (FEV1.0) and vital capacity (V

Vascular involvement in neurofibromatosis sometimes occurs and usually affects larger blood vessels of internal organs. We describe an unusual case of a now 41-year-old man with extensive skin involvement with ulcerations and histopathologic features of fibromuscular dysplasia, which has not been previously reported in the skin.

Variants of the hammerhead ribozyme with high in trans (intermolecular) cleavage activity at low Mg2- concentrations were in vitro selected from a library with 78 nucleotides randomised in the core and in helix II. The most active hammerhead ribozyme selected had e sequence as the consensus ribozyme in the core but only two base pairs in stem II, G(10.1)-C(11.1) and U(10.2)-A(11.2), and a tetrauri

Aim: Polysaccharides and many other non-protein polymers generally have a more open, flexible and asymmetrical structure compared with globular proteins. For a given molecular weight (MW), the Stokes–Einstein radius (ae) of the following polymers increases in the order: Ficoll < dextran ≤ pullulan < polyethylene oxide (PEO). We have tested the hypothesis that such an increase in 'molecular extensi

The effect of a single washing of the urogenital tract with 0.5 g/l chlorhexidine was studied in 6 women in weeks 38-40 of pregnancy, among whom 5 were carriers of group B streptococci in urethra and/or cervix. The chlorhexidine concentrations varied between 25 and 200 mg/l during the first hour after washing in 5 of the 6 women, whereas one patient showed concentrations below 25 mg/l. With the ex

Optical spectroscopy provides powerful means for studying geophysical gas emissions. An extensive research program in this field has been performed by Swedish researchers in collaboration with European partners during the last 10 years, and a review of the activities and results is given. The techniques suitable for geophysical gas monitoring include the differential absorption lidar (DIAL), diffe

Whole cells of Bacillus halodurans LBK 261 were used as a source of catalase for degradation of hydrogen peroxide. The organism, B. halodurans grown at 55 degrees C and pH 10, yielded a maximum catalase activity of 275U g(-1) (wet wt.) cells. The catalase in the whole cells was active over a broad range of pH with a maximum at pH8-9. The enzyme was optimally active at 55 degrees C, but had low sta

Cerebral haemodynamic, metabolic and electrocortical reactivity to alterations in arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) was assessed in seven mechanically ventilated juvenile pigs to test an experimental model designed for cerebral pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies. The animals were anaesthetized with fentanyl, nitrous oxide and pancuronium and sequentially normo- and hyperventilated over a 100-m

Little is known about how older people with cancer experience their life situation. To increase the understanding of how illness is experienced in older people with cancer, the aim of this study was to investigate the meaning of living with cancer in old age. The hermeneutic phenomenological method as described by van Manen and referred to as 'phenomenology of praxis' was used. Ten persons (seven

Antibody microarray based technology is a powerful emerging tool in proteomics, target discovery, and differential analysis. Here, we report the first study where recombinant antibody fragments have been used to construct large scale antibody microarrays, composed of 127 different antibodies against mostly immunoregulatory antigens. The arrays were based on single framework recombinant antibody fr