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The Swedish Medical Products Agency (MPA) objects to the fact that we occasionally refer to one of its senior ex-employees by name. However, names of individual MPA assessors, FDA reviewers, and EMA rapporteurs and co-rapporteurs are reported in regulatory documents and are a matter of public record. In our paper we in no way suggest that regulatory decisions were left to individual reviewers or a

There is increasing evidence showing that the accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide into extracellular plaques is a central event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). These abnormalities can be detected as lowered levels of Aβ42 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and are followed by increased amyloid burden on positron emission tomography (PET) several years before the onset of dementia. The aim of thi

The η-phase field of the Cu–In system is unusually rich and shows wealth of phases that are all related to the B8 (NiAs/Ni2In) type. Previous electron diffraction work has revealed extensive super structure ordering; in this study, we report single crystal diffraction experiments on high-quality samples of two of the phases in the system, ht1-Cu5In3 and ht2-Cu5In3. Both these phases constitute sup

Osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and form upon stimulation of osteoclast precursors by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL). Osteoclasts resorb bone by secreting hydrochloric acid, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K. Failure of bone resorption or bone formation results in metabolic bone disOsteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and form upon stimulation of osteoclast precursors by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL). Osteoclasts resorb bone by secreting hydrochloric acid, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K. Failure of bone resorption or bone formation results in metabolic bone dis

Bone tissue is commonly transplanted during orthopedic surgeries, primarily for the management of bone defects caused by trauma or various orthopedic conditions including, but not limited to, infections and tumours. Bone grafts are a surgeon’s choice, but their associated drawbacks are paving the way for biomaterial based bone graft substitutes. Biomaterials inherently lack the ability to induce s

Semiconductor nanowires have proven to be promising building blocks for next-generation optoelectronic devices. The nanometric dimensions of nanowires provides strain relaxation capability, thus enabling the heteroepitaxy of III-V materials on silicon, as well as providing the possibility of realizing optoelectronic devices with lattice-mismatched material combinations. The subwavelength dimension

I den här avhandlingen studeras styrning av välfärdssamverkan, med focus på betydelsen av kunskap i styrning. I offentlig verksamhet – och i välfärd i synnerhet – är samverkan mellan myndigheter, kommunala förvaltningar och välfärdsprofessionella ett återkommande sätt att hantera olika problem som de traditionella offentliga institutionerna anses oförmögna att lösa. Genom att studera ett specifiktThis dissertation analyses how welfare collaboration is governed, focusing on the role of knowledge in government. In the public sector – and in welfare especially – collaboration between agencies, municipal departments and welfare professions is a recurring response to various problems where the traditional public-sector institutions are considered inapt to provide solutions. By studying a specif

Johannes Magnus (1488–1544) was the last Catholic archbishop of Uppsala to hold residence in Sweden. He was also an historian and wrote a major work on Swedish history, the Historia de omnibus Gothorum Sueonumque regibus, which was published posthumously in Rome in 1554. The work eventually became the ideological foundation for Swedish patriotism in the 17th century. The Historia de regibus places

This paper presents an in-depth manufacturing cost analysis of conventional wrought steel gear manufacturing and a case study of a spur engine gear is evaluated by real usage data, including a benchmark in gear manufacturing cost calculations between the participating company cost calculation method and the model used and developed in this research. The applicability of the developed manufacturing

In the last few decades it has become ever clearer that humankind faces many serious environmental challenges. As the corporate sector has been identified as an important actor to address these challenges, understanding why certain companies choose to adopt sustainability initiatives, while others do not, is an important question. However, little previous research has addressed how sustainability

Lung cancer accounts for 1.6 million cancers annually and 1.3 million deaths per year make the disease the deadliest type of cancer. Smoking is the most prominent cause. High mortality rates are partly due to late diagnosis which limits the therapy options. Improved understanding of molecular and biological mechanisms of tumor development could guide current therapy selection or pave way for novelLung cancer accounts for 1.6 million cancers annually and 1.3 million deaths per year make the disease the deadliest type of cancer. Smoking is the most prominent cause. High mortality rates are partly due to late diagnosis which limits the therapy options. Improved understanding of molecular and biological mechanisms of tumor development could guide current therapy selection or pave way for novel

Långdistansflyttande fåglar uppvisar ett flertal gemensamma egenskaper som ger dem goda förutsättningar att regelbundet förflytta sig över kontinentala avstånd. De har exempelvis en effektiv flygmotor som gör att de kan hålla sig flygande, och en god förmåga att både lägga på sig, och bränna fett som flygbränsle. Fåglar uppvisar i regel också goda orienterings- och navigationsegenskaper, vilket ärMany birds are predisposed to annually undertake movements over large temporal and spatial scales. They have an efficient flight machinery, demonstrate impressive capacities in storing and burning fuel, and they exhibit necessary orientation and navigational skills. Avian migrants are still limited in the amount of time and energy they can allocate towards their movements and need to balance migra

Det terrestra ekosystemet absorberar cirka en tredjedel av de antropogena utsläppen varje år, vilket är en avgörande ekosystemtjänst som minskar ökningstakten av atmosfärisk koldioxid och bidrar till att mildra klimatförändringen. Observerade koncentrationer av atmosfäriskt koldioxid uppvisar en stor årlig variabilitet som främst anses vara orsakad av det terrestra ekosystemets respons på klimatföThe terrestrial ecosystem sequesters about one-third of anthropogenic emissions each year, thereby providing a critical ecosystem service that slows the rate of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide and helps mitigate climate change. Observed atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations exhibit a large inter-annual variability which is considered to be caused primarily by the response of the terrest