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A migratory divide is a narrow region in which two populations showing different migratory directions meet and presumably also mate and hybridize. Banding of willow warblers, Phylloscopus trochilus, in Europe has demonstrated a migratory divide latitudinally across central Scandinavia. In autumn, southern birds migrate southwest to tropical West Africa, whereas northern birds migrate southeast to

Bodypainting is widespread in African, Australian and Papua New Guinean indigenous communities. Many bodypaintings use white or bright yellow/grey/beige stripes on brown skin. Where the majority of people using bodypainting presently live, blood-sucking horseflies are abundant, and they frequently attack the naked brown regions of the human body surface with the risk of transmitting the pathogens

The orientation of four different species of nocturnal passerine migrants was investigated in spring and autumn by orientation‐cage experiments at dusk, night, and dawn under natural clear skies. Our objective was to examine the orientation behaviour at different periods of a nocturnal migration flight, and to relate the orientation to visual orientation cues (the position of the sun). In robins,

Birds have evolved a mobile lifestyle in which vision is of major importance when controlling movements, avoiding predators, finding food and selecting mates. Birds have extraordinary colour vision and have been suggested to perceive the linear polarisation of light. Behavioural experiments support this idea, but still the exact physiological mechanism involved is not known. The twilight period, w

Absolute environmental sustainability assessments quantify the environmental impacts of human activities in relation to ecological carrying capacities. Such assessments necessitate the application of sharing principles to allocate shares of carrying capacity to actors and activities at different scales, including products, companies, sectors, and countries. This can help decision-makers set target

With simultaneous policy and scholarly attention to the pollution crisis and the climate crisis, there is growing recognition that the two are intimately interconnected through the demand for oil, gas, and coal generated by synthetic materials. Drawing on theoretical resources from international political economy and beyond, we show how petrochemicals sit at the intersection of a number of the pri

Vårdvalet blev obligatorisk inom den svenska primärvården år 2010, vilket utökade patienternas valmöjligheter och gjorde det möjligt för privata vårdgivare att etablera sig med offentlig finansiering. Även om vårdvalsreformens påverkan på primärvårdens utformning är allmänt erkänd, är resultaten gällande dess effekter på jämlikhet i vårdutnyttjande delvis motsägelsefulla.Det överordnade syftet med

Phosphorus (P) is a critical macronutrient for plant growth, often limiting plant production in areas where plant demand is higher than soil supply. In contrast to nitrogen (N), P cannot be sourced from the atmosphere; therefore, where it is rare, it becomes a strong constraint on primary production. Due to this, most dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are incorporating a prognostic P cycle

This thesis consists of three self-contained papers that use methods in applied microeconometrics to study questions involving gender, housing, and peers.In the first paper, we examine whether gender gaps in labor market outcomes are driven by differences in productivity. Using the as-if random allocation of job seekers to caseworkers at the Swedish Employment Agency, we are able to calculate prod

The aim of this chapter is to contribute to the knowledge on the organization of work in the textile supply chain on the eve of industrialization. To do this we make a case-study of Herman Krutmeijers Hosiery and textile factory which was active in Malmö between 1768 and 1784. We are especially interested in the role of the spinners and try to answer three specific questions: what did the organiza