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Tailbiting is an attractive method to terminate convolutional codes without reducing the code rate. Maximum-likelihood and exact a posteriori probability decoding of tailbiting codes implies, however, a large computational complexity. Therefore, suboptimal decoding methods are often used in practical coding schemes. It is shown that suboptimal decoding methods work better when the slope of the act
Popular Abstract in Swedish Nyligen genomförda undersökningar pekar på att mellan en och två procent av den vuxna befolkningen lider av hjärtsvikt (hjärtinsufficiens/hjärtinkompensation), en oförmåga hos hjärtat att med ett normalt fyllnadstryck förse kroppens olika organ med blod. Vanligtvis är orsaken primärt kardiell (utgående från hjärtat) där ischemisk hjärtsjukdom (kranskärlssjukdom) utgör dUse of beta-blockers and inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) is established practice in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). Clinical studies also suggest beneficial long-term effects of nitrates in CHF. In the Veterans Administration Heart Failure Trial (V-HeFT) I, the combined use of a nitrate and hydralazine reduced the mortality rate. However, it is not possible to determ
The potential of algal–bacterial microcosms was studied for the biodegradation of salicylate, phenol and phenanthrene. The isolation and characterization of aerobic bacterial strains capable of mineralizing each pollutant were first conducted. Ralstonia basilensis was isolated for salicylate degradation, Acinetobacter haemolyticus for phenol and Pseudomonas migulae and Sphingomonas yanoikuyae for
S-phase fraction (SPF), estimated in the flow cytometric DNA histogram, is a prognostic factor in breast cancer. There are, however, some inherent difficulties in the estimation of SPF, such as the influence of debris, aggregates, and normal cells. Most of the available SPF calculation principles try to consider these difficulties, but so far no consensus has been reached with regard to which prin
Glycoprotein gp-340 aggregates bacteria in saliva as part of innate defence at mucosal surfaces. We have detected size- and glycoforms of gp-340 between human saliva samples (n=7) and lung gp-340 from a proteinosis patient using antibodies and lectins in Western blots and ELISA measurements. Western blots of saliva samples, and of gp-340 purified, from the seven donors using a gp-340 specific anti
Between 1909 and 1929, the Marriage Acts were thoroughly reformed in all Nordic countries. These laws enhanced women's individual rights and ended a husband's legal power over his wife. Gender equality-though admittedly based on gender difference-emerged earlier in the Nordic countries than elsewhere in Europe. Secondly, the formation of marriage was reformed. Relationships by blood and marriage w
The cells of most normal and malignantly growing tissues are connected by "adhering junctions", i.e. distinct sites of "homotypic" contact between the plasma membranes of two cells of the same or a similar kind, associated on the cytoplasmic side by a dense plaque at which often bundles of cytoskeletal filaments anchor. Of the various types of adhering junctions desmosomes are characteristic of ep
The period between 1945 and 1960 is in many ways interesting. It is a period in Sweden, which is characterized by modernity. It is also an interesting period in Swedish musical life concerning art music. Modern music (i.e., atonal and twelve-tone music) has always faced a resistance, which has come from the public, the academics, social prejudices, or the critics. During the 1940s and 50s, modern
Sample preparation techniques based upon liquid membrane extraction offer a high degree of selectivity and enrichment power and use small amounts of organic solvents. They also provide convenient possibilities for direct and automated interfacing with chromatography systems and other analytical instruments.
The crystal structure of the phosphide-bridged cluster [Os6(μ-H)(CO)12(NCMe)(μ-PH2)] 4 has been determined. The cluster consists of two Os3 triangles which are linked by a PH2 moiety which is terminally bound to each triangle. The acetonitrile ligand is axially coordinated and the hydride bridges the Os---Os edge to which the phosphide moiety and the acetonitrile are coordinated. The molecular str
The aim Of this Study was to see if preservation of the arch shape of the ankle at arthrodesis contributes to stability. The ankle joint was simulated by paired blocks of a synthetic material corresponding to rheumatoid cancellous bone with low stiffness and strength. Flat end constructs with and without subchondral bone were compared with arch-shape constructs with and without subchondral bone. T
A systematic assessment of radiotherapy for cancer was conducted by The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) in 2001. The assessment included a review of future developments in radiotherapy and an estimate of the potential benefits of improved radiotherapy in Sweden. The conclusions reached from this review can be summarized as: Successively better knowledge is available o
