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The topic of this paper is linear filtering of hidden Markov models (HMMs) and linear innovation form representations of HMMs. The possibility to represent the widely used HMM as a state space model is interesting in its own respect, but our interest also comes from subspace estimation methods. To be able to fit the HMM into the framework of subspace methods the process needs to be formulated in s
IRedan 1990 skrev teaterkritikern Leif Zern att ”Årets kritiska klyscha har med kraft hunnit etablera sig: berörd. Det går inte en dag utan att någon recensent påstår sig vara berörd eller oberörd”. Nästan 30 år senare är termen fortfarande en kraftfull kvalitetsmarkör i teaterdiskussionen. Det intressanta är att denna kvalitet, att beröras, ofta ses som ett så självklart kriterium på den goda tea
Background: The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway is observed to be constitutively activated in several malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, we investigated the expression of total STAT3 (tSTAT3) and two forms of activated phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3 727 and pSTAT3 705 ) in tissue microarrays (TMA) of two cohorts of localized horm
In evaluating the effectiveness of a road safety treatment, the regression to the mean phenomenon is a cause for concern because of a possible overestimation of benefits. Therefore, Bayesian approaches are usually suggested as the most appropriate methodologies for before—after studies as they account for regression to the mean effects. The empirical Bayes (EB) methodology examines the estimation
Studies on fluids at supercritical pressure have been developed in a rapid-growth manner so that geometries are not restricted to circular tube. This paper is devoted to conduct a brief review of the recent main experiments on supercritical fluids such as CO 2 , water, R134a and n-decane, and to comment the findings. In addition, this paper discusses the probability of supercritical fluids flowi
Birds possess a magnetic sense and rely on the Earth's magnetic field for orientation during migration. However, the geomagnetic field can be altered by solar activity at relative unpredictable intervals. How birds cope with the temporal geomagnetic variations caused by solar storms during migration is still unclear. We addressed this question by reproducing the effect of a solar storm on the geom
Föreningen för Brandteknisk IngenjörsVetenskap (BIV) har genomfört en s.k. Round Robinstudie inom beräkningsområdet CFD. I studien utförde nio deltagande aktörer samma beräkningsuppgifter utan att veta vad de andra kommit fram till. Resultat-sammanställningen visar en relativt stor spridning som till största delen kan förklaras med att deltagarna gör olika ingenjörsmässiga val.De två beräkningsfal
In this study we examined the effects of animated adverts on children’s online reading. We conducted an eye-tracking experiment with authentic web pages to assess whether (1) advert animation primarily affects overt visual attention, or (2) animated adverts primarily affect text comprehension, or (3) both eye movements and comprehension are affected. 59 children in third grade (9-year-olds) partic
R. Johansson. Identification of continuous-time dynamic systems. Proc. 25th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC'86), pages 1653--1658, Athens, Greece, 1986.
The debate around the oxidation states occurring in laboratory-prepared tin-oxide samples has been for a long time an obstacle for an unambiguous assignment of characterization studies performed on such samples. In particular the changes in the Sn core-level energies caused by oxidation - i.e. the chemical shifts - as measured by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) have been under discussion. The ass
Neurotrophic factors are candidates for treating epilepsy, but their development has been hampered by difficulties in achieving stable and targeted delivery of efficacious concentrations within the desired brain region. We have developed an encapsulated cell technology that overcomes these obstacles by providing a targeted, continuous, de novo synthesized source of high levels of neurotrophic mole
