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A thermodynamic model for electrolyte solutions has been derived for binary and multicomponent solutions up to very high molalities. The model was extensively tested on 163 binary aqueous electrolyte systems up to very high molalities, and the results show that the model represents mean ionic activity coefficients and osmotic coefficients very accurately. The model parameters vary significantly be
One of the noticeable trends in recent years is that products have received increasing attention in environmental policy. The focus on products and their life cycle impacts is often referred to as ?life cycle thinking?. This implies a shift away from the traditional focus on production processes and the environmental impacts of point-source pollution, towards a stronger focus on emissions from the
During production of concentrated fruit juices, both physical and chemical losses of aroma compounds occur due to heat treatment such as pasteurisation and evaporation. This leads to an inferior quality of the final product. By recovering the aroma complex from fresh juice and then adding it back to the processed juice, heat treatment can be avoided. Hydrophobic pervaporation is an emerging membr
The study is based on data collected at the LEP II accelerator during the second period of the Large Electron-Positron collider operations (1996-2000). During that time the DELPHI (DEtector with Lepton, Photon and Hadron Identification) experiment collected about 90 Gb of data on tape corresponding to 687-691 pb-1 of luminosity. The data obtained by the VSAT (Very Small Angle Tagger) e
Synthesis of compounds based on the structurally rigid bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and the dibenzobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane frameworks and also their application as ligands and catalysts in asymmetric synthesis are described. For the synthesis of 1,3-diols based on the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane framework, an improved synthesis of the starting material bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2,6-dione was developed and performed at 0
Preparation for radiotherapy is a complex procedure that involves many different technologies and groups of professionals. The rapid development and introduction of new technologies throughout the last decade have made it possible to deliver highly conformal, individually-shaped dose distributions with high accuracy. However, there is widespread concern that current quality assurance practices hav
What are the discursive pre-conditions for planning? In this dissertation the author analyzes and critically assesses the assumptions which underlie our thinking about planning. This is done in an analysis of firstly, how planning is legitimized, and secondly, what consequences these forms of legitimation have for planning theory as well as for planning as a political practice. The author describ
Molecular recognition and interaction is fundamental for the function of biological systems. The properties of the interacting biomolecules dictate the type of forces involved and the strength and dynamics of the interaction. Many interactions are very strong whereas others exhibit weak affinity. Typically, weak interactions work in concert to trigger a biological response. The advantage with thi
Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen strongly associated with chronic type B gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma. Our aims were to establish a mouse model of H. pylori infection, to study pathogenesis of gastritis and gastric cancer and to investigate new treatment strategies in this model. Both spiral and coccoid forms of H. pylori strains 17874, 25 and 553/93 cau
Tortuguero National Park in Costa Rica hosts nesting by four species of highly migratory and endangered sea turtles (green, hawksbill, leatherback and loggerhead turtles). Sea turtle research at Tortuguero has been continuous since Dr. Archie Carr began studies in the 1950?s. This dissertation aims to clarify the Tortuguero sea turtles? post-nesting migrations, nesting trends and survival threats.
This book attempts to answer the question of how it is possible that Christianity in the beginning of the second century C.E. had developed into a non-Jewish, Gentile religion. Since Christianity was originally one of many Jewish factions within the diversified Judaism of the period, and one that even primarily seems to have directed its attention to the people of Israel, the problem of its separa
The crystalline properties of starch constitutes a puzzling area of research. Our understanding of the crystalline structure of amylopectin, that is the crystalline component in starch, is based on the observations from investigations on modified amylose. The first part of this thesis includes a discussion of the unit cells (the smallest crystalline units) suggested in the literature. The differen
The modification of drugs into pro-drugs is an attractive concept allowing you to tweak the chemical and physical properties of a drug without changing the original structure of the active compound. In principle, any compound possessing a preferred biological activity can be transformed into a pro-drug. Many natural products harbor qualities that are potentially interesting as drugs but difficult
A continuing use of fossil fuels will accelerate global warning and result in severe consequences for the environment and thereby also us. Development of alternative, sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources is therefore crucial. One approach is to create an artificial photosynthetic system that converts sunshine into fuel (e.g. hydrogen gas) by splitting water molecules. However, i
Firms compete with each other to earn the highest profit. A wide range of issues needs to be considered in order to do so – decisions about products, markets, customers and, not to forget, organisation have to be made. Concerning organisation, a business firm can choose to make a particular thing (a good or service) by itself or to buy it from someone else. The decision determines the way in which
A feasibility study of reliability theory as a tool for the assessment of present safety and residual service life of damaged concrete structures has been performed in order to find a transparent methodology for the assessment procedure. It is concluded that the current guidelines are open to interpretation and that the variation in the results obtained regarding the structural safety is too grea
The purpose of this thesis is to develop an increased understanding of strategic alliance processes. A specific aim has been to explore the trust processes involved, and to better understand the dynamics of the strategic alliance processes. The study includes socio-cultural elements and captures both the manager´s and the employee´s perspectives in everyday life. The theoretical discussions were b
Long-range transboundary air pollution generates pressing environmental problems such as the acidification of lakes and soils, forest decline and loss of biodiversity as well as threats to human health across Europe. The overall aim of this study is to explore the role of scientific expertise in environmental diplomacy by analyzing recent international agreements in the transboundary air pollution
In this thesis spectroscopic techniques have been used in the fields of analytical chemistry, environmental and medical applications. In analytical chemistry, laser induced fluorescence was used to image the separation of substances during capillary electrophoresis. Here, an optical fibre imaging technique facilitated a higher sensitivity compared with a lens imaging technique. The motion of the s
This thesis considers static and dynamic team decision problems in both stochastic and deterministic settings. The team problem is a cooperative game, where a number of players make up a team that tries to optimize a given cost induced by the uncertainty of nature. The uncertainty is modeled as either stochastic, which gives the stochastic team problem, or modelled as deterministic where the team
