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The German Federal Constitutional Court’s PSPP Judgment: Proportionality Review Par Excellence

The analysis departs from the FCC’s stringent proportionality review to elaborate an argument on what intensity of review should be adopted when reviewing the ECB’s economic policies. Building on previous scholarly analyses (Öberg) and relevant Court case law( Spain v Council and Vodafone,) it suggests that the proper standard of proportionality analysis should primarily be guided by the nature of

Non-targeted analysis strategy for the identification of phenolic compounds in complex technical lignin samples

Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and a promising renewable resource for aromatic chemicals. For the understanding of different lignin isolation and conversion processes, the identification of phenolic compounds is of importance. However, due to the vast number of possible chemical transformations, the prediction of produced phenolic structures is challenging, and a non-targe

Nostalgia and Hope : Narrative Master Frames Across Contemporary Europe

After the fall of the Berlin wall and the end of the Cold War, a certain sense of optimism swept across Europe. Some 25 years later, everything seems radically different. With the considerable inroads made into mainstream politics by right-wing populist parties across the continent, there is no shortage of gloom and worry. Nevertheless, despite numerous examples of retrogressive forms of mobilizat

Differentiating the time-geography of recreational running

This paper proposes a relational time-geography approach to differentiate the geographies of recreational activities, whose place cannot be pinned down to a single specific infrastructure or area and therefore risks being marginalised in planning. Running is used as a case study. Based on diary-interviews, we have identified three different exercises/places used alternately by the respondents: the

Nostalgic Nationalism, Welfare Chauvinism, and Migration Anxieties in Central and Eastern Europe

This contribution examines, in the Central and Eastern European context, the interplay between ideals of national specificity, welfare chauvinist appeals, and emerging politics of migration, for the purpose of providing welfare provision to a narrowly defined ethnic group, as promoted by right-wing populist parties in the region. We suggest a comparative framework to account the various positions

Towards Knowledge-Based Geospatial Data Integration and Visualization : A Case of Visualizing Urban Bicycling Suitability

Geospatial information plays an indispensable role in various interdisciplinary and spatially informed analyses. However, the use of geospatial information often entails many semantic intricacies relating to, among other issues, data integration and visualization. For the integration of data from different domains, merely using ontologies is inadequate for handling subtle and complex semantic rela

Multi-criteria spatial-based modelling for optimal alignment of roadway by-passes in the Tlokweng planning area, Botswana

In this study, Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation and the least cost path analysis were applied to find the optimal by-pass road alignment in the Tlokweng Planning Area in Botswana. One-At-a-Time sensitivity analysis and the statistical test for zero proportion were used to investigate the robustness of the entire model. Four alternative by-pass roads were produced stressing economic, environmental

An Exact Ewald Summation Method in Theory and Practice

We present the widespread Ewald summation method in a new light by utilizing a truncated Gaussian screening charge distribution. This choice entails an exact formalism, also as particle mesh Ewald, which in practice is not always the case when using a Gaussian screening function. The presented approach reduces the number of dependent parameters compared to a Gaussian and, for an infinite reciproca

Targeting Aquaporin-4 Subcellular Localization to Treat Central Nervous System Edema

Swelling of the brain or spinal cord (CNS edema) affects millions of people every year. All potential pharmacological interventions have failed in clinical trials, meaning that symptom management is the only treatment option. The water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is expressed in astrocytes and mediates water flux across the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers. Here we show that AQP4

Nanowire Tunnel FET with Simultaneously Reduced Subthermionic Subthreshold Swing and Off-Current due to Negative Capacitance and Voltage Pinning Effects

Nanowire tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) have been proposed as the most advanced one-dimensional (1D) devices that break the thermionic 60 mV/decade of the subthreshold swing (SS) of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) by using quantum mechanical band-to-band tunneling and excellent electrostatic control. Meanwhile, negative capacitance (NC) of ferroelectrics has b

Proteomic profiles before and during weight loss : Results from randomized trial of dietary intervention

Inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers have been associated with obesity, but little is known about how they change upon dietary intervention and concomitant weight loss. Further, protein biomarkers might be useful for predicting weight loss in overweight and obese individuals. We performed secondary analyses in the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DI

Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a non-clinical population in Sweden

Background: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is the most widely used scale which assesses psychological resilience. Although it is recommended to be applied as a unidimensional scale, its factor structure, reliability, as well as discriminant and predictive validity need to be assessed when used in a new context. Moreover, the original five-factor structure has not been replicated in

Longitudinal changes of self-perceived manual ability the first year after stroke : A cohort study

Background: Recovery patterns of motor function and activity capacity of the upper extremity after stroke have been described, but less is known about longitudinal changes of perceived manual activity performance. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes of self-perceived manual ability at several timepoints from onset until 12 months post-stroke in a cohort of consecutively r