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Fundamental debates and policy choices for supporting innovation in Africa
Over the past three decades, a range of attempts have been made to raise the importance of science, technology and innovation on the policy agenda in Africa. This article explores four themes along which growth paths and patterns may be realized, namely regional and global integration, inclusive innovation, priorities and approaches to diversify African economies, and the role of the state. The ou
Sialylation of IgG antibodies inhibits IgG-mediated allergic reactions
In presence of high allergen dosis besides IgE also IgG antibodies can induce allergic reactions, whose severity is dependent on the induced type of IgG Fc glycosylation, what should be considered for new AIT protocols containing new adjuvants.
Socioeconomic status and geographical factors associated with active listing in primary care : A cross-sectional population study accounting for multimorbidity, age, sex and primary care
Background: Socioeconomic status and geographical factors are associated with health and use of healthcare. Well-performing primary care contributes to better health and more adequate healthcare. In a primary care system based on patient's choice of practice, this choice (listing) is a key to understand the system. Objective: To explore the relationship between population and practices in a primar
Effect of food intake on 92 biomarkers for cardiovascular disease
Objective: The present study evaluates the effect of food intake on 92 biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Twenty two healthy subjects (11 male and 11 female aged 25.9±4.2 years) were investigated. A total of 92 biomarkers were measured before a standardized meal as well as 30 and 120 minutes afterwards with the Proseek Multiplex CVD III kit. Results: The levels for eight biomark
Commentary: Why it’s risky for the U.S. to label Iran’s IRGC a terror group
Short-term associations between air pollution concentrations and respiratory health—Comparing primary health care visits, hospital admissions, and emergency department visits in a multi-municipality study
Acute effects of air pollution on respiratory health have traditionally been investigated with data on inpatient admissions, emergency room visits, and mortality. In this study, we aim to describe the total acute effects of air pollution on health care use for respiratory symptoms (ICD10-J00-J99). This will be done by investigating primary health care (PHC) visits, inpatient admissions, and emerge
Analysis of hypo- and hyperphosphatemia in an intensive care unit cohort
BACKGROUND: Blood phosphate levels are vulnerable to fluctuations and changes in phosphate levels are often neglected. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether deviations in phosphate levels correlate to higher 180-day overall mortality or morbidity. METHODS: Four thousand six hundred fifty-six patients with 19,467 phosphate values treated at the adult intensive care unit at Skåne University
The economic burden of human papillomavirus-related precancers and cancers in Sweden
High-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an established cause of malignant disease. We used a societal perspective to estimate the cost of HR HPV-related cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, and penile precancer and cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer in Sweden in 2006, 1 year before HPV vaccination became available in the country. Materials and methods This prevalence-based cost-of-illness
The density of parasympathetic axons is reduced in the exocrine pancreas of individuals recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
To elucidate the etiology of type 1 diabetes, the affected pancreas needs to be thoroughly characterized. Pancreatic innervation has been suggested to be involved in the pathology of the disease and a reduction of sympathetic innervation of the islets was recently reported. In the present study, we hypothesized that parasympathetic innervation would be altered in the type 1 diabetes pancreas. Huma
Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide : effects alone and in combination on insulin secretion and glucose disappearance in mice
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) stimulate insulin secretion. They are both released after meal ingestion, and therefore they might cooperate in their actions. However, whether there is a cooperative action of the two incretins is not known. This study therefore investigated the effects on insulin secretion and glucose disappearance of GLP-1 and GI
Genetics of gallbladder cancer
Multicenter patch testing with methylchloroisothizoline/methylisothiazolinone in 100 and 200 ppm within the international contact dermatitis research group
Background: The preservative methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) is a well-known contact sensitizer. Historically, there have been different opinions on the optimal patch test concentration of MCI/MI, and both 0.01% and 0.02% aqueous (aq.) have been proposed. In 2011, based on literature reviews, it was recommended that the concentration of 0.02% aq. should be used in the in
Long-term safety of once-daily, dual-release hydrocortisone in patients with adrenal insufficiency : a phase 3b, open-label, extension study
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term safety and tolerability of a once-daily, dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC) tablet as oral glucocorticoid replacement therapy in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (AI).DESIGN: Prospective, open-label, multicenter, 5-year extension study of DR-HC conducted at five university clinics in Sweden.METHODS: Seventy-one adult patients diagnosed with prima
Multicenter patch testing with methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone within the international contact dermatitis research group
Background: The preservatives methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI are well-known contact sensitizers. Recently, an increase in the contact allergy frequency for MI 0.2% aqueous (aq) has been seen in many European countries paralleled with an increase in MCI/MI allergy. Many of the MI-allergic patients do not react to MCI/MI 0.01% or 0.02% because the concentration of
Posttraumatic bone marrow lesion volume and knee pain within 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament injury
Context: After an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, a majority of patients have a traumatic bone marrow lesion (BML, or bone bruise). The clinical relevance of posttraumatic lesions remains unclear. Objective: To explore the cross-sectional associations between traumatic BML volume and self-reported knee pain and symptoms among individuals within 4 weeks of ACL injury. Design: Cross-section
Association between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma neurodegeneration biomarkers with brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease
The aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides into plaques is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is followed by different aspects of neurodegeneration that can be measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or plasma using neurofilament light (NFL), neurogranin (Ng), total Tau (T-Tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-Tau) levels. The relationship between these biomarkers and reg
A practical method for measuring the ion exchange capacity decrease of hydroxide exchange membranes during intrinsic degradation
In this work we present a practical thermogravimetric method for quantifying the IEC (ion exchange capacity) decrease of hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs) during intrinsic degradation mainly occurring through nucleophilic attack of the anion exchanging group by hydroxide ions. The method involves measuring weight changes under controlled temperature and relative humidity. These conditions are cl