Quantum cascade lasers provide a variety of challenges to theory, which are outlined in this review: (i) The choice of basis states is discussed, where energy eigenstates are badly defined if the full periodic structure is considered. (ii) The tunneling through barriers requires a treatment of quantum coherences, which sets particular demands on the formulation of the quantum kinetic equations. He

Translational regulation impacts both pluripotency maintenance and cell differentiation. To what degree the ribosome exerts control over this process remains unanswered. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated heterogeneity in ribosome composition in various organisms. 2′-O-methylation (2′-O-me) of rRNA represents an important source of heterogeneity, where site-specific alteration of methylation l

Isolating the role of limited knowledge, psychological frictions and policy characteristics is key when evaluating a public program and designing future policies. We document limited awareness about the presence of fiscal incentives towards fuel efficient vehicles. Exploiting a direct measure of awareness at the individual level, we find vehicle choices response heterogeneity to these fiscal incen

Characterizing the effects of mutations on stability is critical for understanding the function and evolution of proteins and improving their biophysical properties. High throughput folding and abundance assays have been successfully used to characterize missense mutations associated with reduced stability. However, screening for increased thermodynamic stability is more challenging since such mut

Labour market policies, also known as activation, are common responses to poverty, unemployment and social exclusion. Activation is characterised by increased individual responsibility, requiring welfare recipients to strive for financial self-sufficiency, be it through job-seeking, training or coaching. In Sweden, activation policies are also implemented in municipal welfare services such as soci

The transition of energy from the 4f to the 5d state is a fundamental element driving various applications, such as phosphors and optoelectronic devices. The positioning of the 4f ground states and the 5d excited states significantly influences this energy shift. In our research, we delve into the placement of these states utilizing a hybrid DFT combined with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) via the supe

One might think that money pumps directed at agents with cyclic preferences can be avoided by foresight. This view was challenged two decades ago by the discovery of a money pump with foresight, which works against agents who use backward induction. But backward induction implausibly assumes that the agent would act rationally and retain her trust in her future rationality even at choice nodes tha

This paper considers Neutral-Range Utilitarianism (NRU) – a utilitarian theory that posits a range of lives that are neutral in impersonal value, in the sense that adding people with such lives to the world’s population doesn’t make the world, or its population, either better or worse. The paper considers a particular version of this utilitarian axiology, Personalized NRU (PNRU), according to whic

In this chapter, which draws on my earlier work on the subject, I focus on agents whose preferences violate axioms of expected utility, with violations of the Independence Axiom being my prime example. This exposes them to the threat of dynamic inconsistency in sequential choice. I consider three different policies such agents could use to secure consistency. After presenting two standard policies

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In patients around retirement age controversy exists as to whether to treat displaced femoral neck fracture (dFNF) with internal fixation (IF) or arthroplasty. An arthroplasty in this age group may need revision due to a long expected remaining lifetime. IF carries a higher risk of early failure but a maintained native hip if healing occurs. We aimed to determine the cumula

According to the Intuition of Neutrality, there is a range of well-being levels such that adding people with lives at these levels doesn’t make the world either better or worse. As lives in the neutral range can be good for those who live them, this intuition is in conflict with one of the main tenets of welfarism; it creates a disparity between what is good for a person and what is impersonally g

You can save either David or Peter and Mary. Is there a compelling reason for saving the greater number? Taurek (1977) (in)famously denied it. In providing such reason one might attempt to establish that it is better if more people survive rather than fewer. This would settle the issue for consequentialists, but even non-consequentialists might find it relevant to the question at hand. The standar