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The optimal definition of the size, shape and location of gross tumour volume is one of the most important steps in the planning of radiation therapy, and necessitates a proper understanding of the procedure from both the oncologic radiologist and the radiation oncologist. This overview reports on the different terms and concepts that have been recommended in the ICRU Reports for this purpose; the

Here, the problem of the classical chaos effect on dissipation in nuclear many-body systems is addressed. To investigate this problem, the energy response on parametric driving of external confinement of the simplest interacting many-body system is studied: two identical like-charged particles moving on the plane in the field of a deformed harmonic oscillator, which shows a rich structure of the c

This study evaluated the structural reliability, construct-related validity, and cultural validity generalization of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) in a sample of more than 560 male and female Swedish forensic psychiatric treatment patients, forensic evaluation patients, and criminal offenders. Structural reliability was excellent for most indices. PCL:SV scores were hi

Motivating people is an importnt issue for physiotherapists working with health promotion aiming at maintaining and strengthening resources for health.The aim of this literature review is to describe the theoretical foundations for how to improve work motivation and from that suggest strategies that can be used by physiotherapists in health promotion. The databases Medline and Psychlit were search

One way to assess the uncertainty in fatigue damage analysis is to use a so-called safety index. In the computation of such an index the coefficient of variation for the accumulated damage is needed. Employing the rainflow cycle count method for fatigue damage leads to, in most cases, complicated calculations. Here we present a new and simplified method to estimate the coefficient of variation for

The free energy of binding between avidin and seven biotin analogues has been calculated with the molecular mechanics Poisson- Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) method. We have studied how the force field and the method to generate geometries affect the calculated binding free energies. Four different force fields were compared, but we saw no significant difference in the results. However, mixing t

During oxygen evolution, the Mn cluster in Photosystem II cycles through five oxidation states, S0-S4. S0 and S2 are paramagnetic, and can be monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Recently a new EPR signal from the S0 state was discovered [Åhrling et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 13148-13152, Messinger et al. (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 11349-11350]. Here, we present a well-resolved

Degradation of bovine nasal cartilage induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) was used to study catabolic events in the tissue over 16 days. Culture medium was fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing and SDS-PAGE). Identification of components by peptide mass fingerprinting revealed released fragments representing the NC4 domain of the type IX collagen {alpha}1 chain at days

The synthesis of a C-2-symmetric cleft molecule 2 based on the fused framework between bicyclo-[3.3. 1] nonane and 4-oxo-5-azaindole, incorporating a self-complementary hydrogen-bonding motif, in both racemic and enantiomerically pure forms is reported. This cleft molecule is reminiscent of analogues of Troger's base though with different cleft dimensions and tilt angles. The framework of 2 provid

The airway resistance, compliance of the respiratory system, transfer factor, and alveolar volume of 33 healthy rabbits were studied before and after exposure to diluted diesel exhaust generated in an experimental motor. Three diesel fuels and two particle traps were tested. Subsequent to the post-exposure lung function measurements, the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were processed for mor

The apparent permeability index is widely used as part of a general screening process to study drug absorption, and is routinely obtained from in vitro or ex vivo experiments. A classical example, widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, is the in vitro Caco-2 cell culture model. The index is defined as the initial flux of compound through the membrane (normalized by membrane surface area and d

Components that propagate inflammation in joint disease may be derived from cartilage since the inflammation resolves after joint replacement. We found that the cartilage component fibromodulin has the ability to activate an inflammatory cascade, i.e. complement. Fibromodulin and immunoglobulins cause comparable deposition of C1q, C4b, and C3b from human serum. Using C1q and factor B-deficient ser

Movement data on articulator gestures in West Greenlandic are presented in order to elucidate principles of articulator coordination, especially the domain of coarticulation (as distinct from the domain of assimilation), the handling of conflicting demands on articulators, and the relation of vowels to consonants. The present data are consistent with results previously obtained from Swedish and Bu

This paper describes the implementation of a real-time Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) detector. In order to reach real-time performance, both algorithmic and memory issues have been addressed. The Union-find algorithm, which is the heart of the MSER detector, is extended to create linked regions that significantly decrease the time to extract MSERs. Hash indexed memory structures are used

Several brain-imaging studies have found associations between aberrant functioning in the frontal and temporal lobes and violent offending. We have previously reported decreased frontotemporal perfusion unrelated to psychosis, substance abuse, or current medication in 21 violent offenders. In the present study, we compared the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in a new group of 32 violent offend

Interactions between plasma proteins and MPO were studied. The protein fraction of normal plasma and serum was shown to exhibit an inhibitory effect on the peroxidase activity of MPO. Most of the inhibitory effect could be retained on an MPO-coupled affinity chromatography column. In particular, a protein with apparent mol. wt of 130 kD showed affinity for MPO. The protein was identified as cerulo

Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) murmurs become silent probably due to the direction of the jet across the ductus arteriosus when entering the pulmonary artery. Out of 15 children with silent PDA, 14 demonstrated a ductal flow not contacting and away from the anterior wall of the main pulmonary artery. In 15 children with a continuous murmur caused by a PDA, 12 exhibited a ductal flow toward and

We demonstrate arrays of cantilevers with different lengths, fabricated by focused ion beam milling. The arrays of oscillators generate a spectrum of different resonant frequencies, where each frequency correlates to the corresponding individual cantilever. The frequency response from all the cantilevers is collected from a single measurement under the same environment and conditions for the entir