Popular Abstract in Swedish Autoimmuna sjukdomar, såsom typ 1 diabetes, uppstår till följd av en obalans i immunsystemet där immunceller ser kroppens egna vävnader som ett hot och angriper dem. Vid typ 1 diabetes är det de insulin-producerande β-cellerna i bukspottskörteln som förstörs, vilket leder till att man resten av livet får tillföra kroppen insulin genom injektioner. Anledningen till varföAutoimmunity, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), arises as a result of tolerance breakdown against host tissues, i.e. the β-cells. Central tolerance is established during thymic T cell development and defects in key events during this process could contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The work presented in this thesis was aiming at unravelling some of those aspects. We have investi

Microscopic diffusion anisotropy in porous materials can be quantified from diffusion NMR data acquired with a combination of directional and isotropic diffusion encoding. A drawback with current pulses sequences for isotropic encoding is that they all rely on spin echo sequences, which are only applicable to pore liquids with long transverse relaxation times and porous materials with negligible i

Magnetomotive ultrasound imaging is an emerging technique where superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as an ultrasound contrast agent. A time-varying external magnetic field acts to move tissue embedded particles, and ultrasound is used to detect the resulting tissue movement. In experimental phantom studies we have observed a phase lag dispersion in the magnetomotive response in

Recension av Svetlana Aleksijevitj, Kriget har inget kvinnligt ansikte. En utopis röster.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with several extra-articular manifestations. Nephrolithiasis (NL) has not been recognized as one of those, however, several factors known to increase the risk of NL are at play in AS patients. The objective was to estimate rates and predictors of NL in Swedish patients with AS compared to the general population.

Pathological conditions affect several stages of neurogenesis in the adult brain, including proliferation, survival, cell fate, migration, and functional integration. Here we explored how a pathological environment modulates the heterogeneous afferent synaptic input that shapes the functional properties of newly formed neurons. We analyzed the expression of adhesion molecules and other synaptic pr

Stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) planted 50-80 years ago on two types of land (previously forested land and former arable fields) were compared regarding vegetation and soil. Former arable soils were characterized by a higher pH, higher nitrate concentration and higher soil density, but had lower organic matter content and lower ammonium concentration in the topsoil (0-5 cm). These differ

This study reports increasing iron concentrations in rivers draining into the Baltic Sea. Given the decisive role of iron to the structure and biogeochemical function of aquatic ecosystems, this trend is likely one with far reaching consequences to the receiving system. What those consequences may be depends on the fate of the iron in estuarine mixing. We here assess the stability of riverine iron

A search for the associated production of the Higgs boson with a top quark pair is performed in multilepton final states using 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at root s = 8 TeVat the Large Hadron Collider. Five final states, targeting the decays H -> WW*, tau tau, and ZZ*, are examined for the presence of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson: two same-ch

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed prognostic factors regarding long-term outcome for amputation and death among patients who underwent intra-arterial thrombolysis due to lower limb ischemia. METHODS: Consecutive patients with intra-arterial thrombolysis due to lower limb ischemia treated at the Department of Vascular Diseases, University Hospital of Malmö, between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 20

Epilepsy is a severe chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures. Excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance, neuronal loss, brain inflammation, and altered adult neurogenesis are some of the characteristic hallmarks of epilepsy. Seizures increase the production of new hippocampal neurons but their function in the epileptic brain is still not fully understood. Elucidat

We present a theoretical study of two coupled diffusion processes through a membrane which is able to respond to the presence of the diffusing substances with a phase change. The case we consider is when the direct driving force for one of the processes vanishes, i.e. when the chemical potential of one of the components, or some other intensive variable, is kept equal in the two reservoirs surroun

Abstract in UndeterminedThis paper analyzes and evaluates the 2007 majority opinion of the German National Ethics Council which seeks to establish new information (as to the inferior quality of legally procurable human embryonic stem cells) as a sufficient reason for a relaxation of the 2002 Stem Cell Law. A micro-level analysis of the opinion’s central section is conducted and evaluated vis à vis

The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is a key component of the mucosal immune system that mediates epithelial transcytosis of immunoglobulins. High pIgR expression has been reported to correlate with a less aggressive tumour phenotype and an improved prognosis in several human cancer types. Here, we examined the expression and prognostic significance of pIgR in pancreatic and periampullary

This paper describes the design of a robust PID controller for propofol infusion in children and presents the results of clinical evaluation of this closed-loop system during endoscopic investigations in children age 6y-17y. The controller design is based on a set of models that describes the inter- patient variability in the response to propofol infusion in the study population. The PID controlle

This article investigates the relation between conceptions of status and processes of militarization of peasants in the medieval and early-modern society. In an initial overview we see how many revolts in western Europe in late middle ages were connected to an increased military participation of peasant groups. After 1500 similar processes can be found in the east european frontier regions. Econom

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We report trends of stroke incidence and survival up to year 2001/2002 in Lund-Orup, Sweden, and projections of future stroke incidence in Sweden. METHODS: Lund Stroke Register, a prospective population-based study, included all first-ever stroke patients, between March 1, 2001 and February 28, 2002, in the Lund-Orup health care district. Institution-based studies for 1983

The charge state of proteins in solution is a key biophysical parameter that modulates both long and short range macromolecular interactions. However, unlike in the case of many small molecules, the effective charges of complex biomolecules in solution cannot in general be predicted reliably from their chemical structures alone. Here we present an approach for quantifying the effective charges of