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Uppsatsen utreder den nya tillämpningen av artikel 22 i koncentrationsförordningen. Fokus ligger på att undersöka de osäkerhetsmoment som uppstår för parterna i en transaktionsprocess genom den nya bredare tillämpningen av artikeln. Det ändrade tillämpningsområdet innebär en helomvändning från EU-kommissionens tidigare tankesätt och väletablerade praxis. Förändringen har som syfte att modernisera This essay examines the new application of article 22 of the EC Merger Regulation, especially the uncertainties that thereby arise for parties in mergers and acquisitions. The article’s new application is a clear change to the European Commission's own policy and practice regarding the application of the provision. The purpose of the change is to modernize the EU merger regulation to detect an

Under utvecklingen av läkemedel måste läkemedelsföretagen bära stora finan-siella kostnader. För att kompensera för dessa kostnader är patenträtten avgö-rande för branschen. Emellertid har det visat sig att det ordinära patentet på 20 år inte är ett tillräckligt skydd för kompensationen. Med anledning av de hårda krav som finns på läkemedelsbranschen i form av kliniska tester och i sin tur fördröjDuring the development of medical products, pharmaceutical companies must bear large financial costs. To compensate for these costs, patent law is crucial for the industry. However, it has been shown that the ordinary patent of 20 years is not sufficient for the compensation. Due to the tough requirements such as clinical tests and, in turn, delayed processing times for the patent ap-plication, it

I juni 2022 röstades ett lagförslag igenom i riksdagen vilket resulterade i att det kostnadsbaserade avdraget för resor till och från arbetet (arbetsresor) ändrades om i grunden till att vara en färdmedelsneutral och avståndsbaserad skattereduktion. Innan de nya reglerna hann träda i kraft den 1 januari 2023 ändrade sig riksdagen och röstade i stället igenom ett förstärkt reseavdrag med höjda schaIn June 2022, a bill was passed through Riksdagen which led to the cost-based write off for traveling to and from your employment (work commute) being changed to accommodate non-specific travel methods and distance based tax deduction. Before the new bills had gone into effect starting from the 1st of january 2023, the Riksdag changed their mind and opted to pass a new bill that allowed for higher

Enligt den svenska rättsordningen kan hemliga tvångsmedel användas av de brottsbekämpande myndigheterna i såväl brottsutredande som brottsförebyggande syfte. Med begreppet preventiva tvångsmedel avses vidare de tvångsåtgärder som vidtas i de brottsbekämpande myndigheternas underrättelseverksamhet, innan en förundersökning har inletts och då en konkret och individualiserad brottsmisstanke ännu inteAccording to the Swedish legal system, secret coercive measures can be used by law enforcement authorities for both crime investigation and crime prevention purposes. Furthermore, the term preventive coercive measures refers to those coercive measures taken outside a preliminary investigation in the intelligence activities of law enforcement authorities. From a law enforcement perspective, these p

Till följd av principen om allas likhet inför lagen riskerar vårdpersonal allmänt åtal för misstag som föranlett att en allvarlig vårdskada har inträf-fat. Även om antalet rättsfall inte är många syftar denna uppsats till att under-söka det straffrättsliga ansvar som föreligger för enskild vårdpersonal för misstag som sker i yrkesutövningen. Särskilt undersöks de faktorer som kan vara av betydelsDue to the principle of equality before the law health care practitioners’ risk being subjected to public prosecution in general court because of a mistake made in their work. Although the number of legal cases is low, this essay aims to examine criminal liability for health care practitioners for mistakes that occur during their professional practice. In particular, the factors that might be of

One of the aims of PhD students’ socialisation is for them to accept the norms of the teaching culture and to be fully engaged with and accepted by the university teaching community. However, when PhD students enter universities, they do not necessarily accept all of the university teaching community’s cultural norms, nor do they all experience acceptance by the community. This phenomenographic st

The microscopic observation of lung tissue is challenging due to its fragile nature. Xylene and isopropanol are common tissue-clearing reagents used before paraffin embedding, yet no studies have compared these two reagents in lung tissue processing. Due to the well-known health risks xylene could introduce to operators, as well as its environmental hazards, it has long been desired that a less ha

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Identifying the haemodynamic mechanism of autonomic syncope is the essential pre-requisite for effective and personalized therapy aimed at preventing recurrences. The present study assessed the diagnostic efficacy of a two-step assessment.METHODS: Multicentre prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Patients affected by severe autonomic syncope underwent a two-step a

Current genetic research on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) supports contributions to risk specifically from common single nucleotide variants (SNVs), along with rare coding SNVs and small insertion-deletions (indels). The contribution to OCD risk from rare copy number variants (CNVs), however, has not been formally assessed at a similar scale. Here we describe an analysis of rare CNVs called

Despite the availability of new drugs on the clinics in recent years, drug-resistant epilepsy remains an unresolved challenge for healthcare, and one-third of epilepsy patients remain refractory to anti-seizure medications. Gene therapy in experimental models has emerged as effective treatment targeting specific neuronal populations in the epileptogenic focus. When combined with an external chemic

Intrinsic luminescence in Ce-doped (Lu,Y)2SiO5 (or LYSO:Ce) single crystals have been studied by means of excitation luminescence spectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet energy range under synchrotron radiation. A previously unreported luminescence band with emission at 250 nm has been discovered as well as its thermal behavior was described in the temperature range 10–120 K. The excitation spectra

Background/Objectives: Recent decades have witnessed a sharp increase in research investigating the association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment. Few previous studies have stratified for sex when investigating this issue, where results were inconsistent and require further clarification. Thus, the objective was to investigate the association between self-reported hearing loss and leve

Multiplanetary systems spanning the radius valley are ideal testing grounds for exploring the different proposed explanations for the observed bimodality in the radius distribution of close-in exoplanets. One such system is HIP 29442 (TOI-469), an evolved K0V star hosting two super-Earths and one sub-Neptune. We observed HIP 29442 with CHEOPS for a total of 9.6 days, which we modelled jointly with

Digital technologies are changing social work practices in profound ways. Today, digital devices are used by social workers in their everyday work; from assessing social benefit applications digitally, writing pre-formatted investigations and using chatrooms in treatment, to holding digital meetings with colleagues and clients. Digital technology is also utilized as a management instrument. Changi

Background: Multicentre studies have previously reported on national outcomes of surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism, but not investigated whether management and outcome are uniform among countries. This study investigated whether there are differences among European countries in operative management and outcome of surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods: Using data from Eurocrine®, a

The EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been broadened over recent decades in response to evolving challenges faced by the EU and its farmers. It now claims to support not only food security and farmers’ incomes, but also transitioning to a green economy, conservation of biodiversity and climate action. We have evaluated to what extent four main types of CAP payment instruments form a cohesi

The aim of the project is to investigate the possibility of using people's mobile phones to locate people in a tunnel environment using the mobile phone's Wi-Fi connection. In total, 39 different trials were carried out under different conditions in a road tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden. In the trials, the Wi-Fi-based predicted location has been compared with the actual location of the recruited 16 p

Objectives The study aimed to describe the experiences of physicians, nurses and psychologists employed in primary care in using digital video consultations. The second objective was to study the association between the predictors of behaviour and behavioural intentions to use digital consultations and to relate underlying behavioural beliefs to experiences of digital consultations in primary care