Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is associated with respiratory tract illness especially in young children. Two hMPV genetic lineages, A and B, and four sublineages A1, A2 and B1, B2 have been defined. Infection with hMPV occurs through membrane fusion mediated by the hMPV fusion (F) protein. In this study, the inter- and intra-patient genetic diversity of the lineage A hMPV F gene was investigated. T

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of TT virus (TTV) in a population of Danish hemodialysis patients and evaluate possible relations between TTV infection and elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and hypo-response to treatment with erythropoietin (EPO).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients on maintenance hemodialysis at a single center were invited to participate. Demographic and clinical dat

PURPOSE: To investigate whether TT virus (TTV) viral load may be used as a surrogate marker for functional immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).METHOD: Fifteen protease inhibitor-naïve HIV-infected patients were included in a longitudinal study. From each patient, three serum samples taken before HAART initiation and three samples ta

This study examines perceptions of humour and happiness in a world where NPM ideas have a profound influence on many aspects of everyday living. The researchers interviewed comedians and their circle of co-workers at comedy festivals. Comedians seek to make us laugh, but this paper examines whether they have a serious message, too. This research reveals comedians as critical thinkers, as edge-workThis study examines perceptions of humour and happiness in a world where NPM ideas have a profound influence on many aspects of everyday living. The researchers interviewed comedians and their circle of co-workers at comedy festivals. Comedians seek to make us laugh, but this paper examines whether they have a serious message, too. This research reveals comedians as critical thinkers, as edge-work

Whereas the characterization of B lymphoid progenitors has been facilitated by the identification of lineage-and stage-specific surface markers, the continued identification of differentially expressed proteins increases our capacity to explore normal and malignant B cell development. To identify novel surface markers with stage-specific expression patterns, we explored the reactivity of CD19+ B c

In diffusion MRI (dMRI), microscopic diffusion anisotropy can be obscured by orientation dispersion. Separation of these properties is of high importance, since it could allow dMRI to non-invasively probe elongated structures such as neurites (axons and dendrites). However, conventional dMRI, based on single diffusion encoding (SDE), entangles microscopic anisotropy and orientation dispersion with

Under de senaste tjugo åren har offentlig sektor blivit alltmer präglad av New Public Management (NPM). Såväl beskrivningar som konkretiseringar av NPM varierar men två drag återkommer som gemensam nämnare; dels att offentlig sektor har närmat sig den privata i sättet att styra och organisera verksamheten, dels att betoningen har skiftat från ansvar för processer till ansvar för resultat.Med resul

The debate surrounding the challenge of improving coherence in European Union (EU) foreign policy is ongoing. EU Delegations (EUDs), operating under the European External Action Service (EEAS) were recently established to provide a focal point for the EU in third countries, providing potential for improving EU coherence. Using the case study of the EUDs, this article adds to theorizations of EU co

This paper presents a novel approach for the elaboration of an integration strategy for controls and computing systems at large particle accelerator based research facilities. The approach is applied in a specific case study conducted at the world-leading neutron science facility European Spallation Source (ESS). First, an introduction to the term 'integration' in the Systems Engineering literatur

Cancer har kommit att bli en av de största folksjukdomarna i den industrialiserade västvärlden och enbart i Sverige insjuknar över 55 000 personer varje år. Det faktum att var tredje person kommer att drabbas av en cancersjukdom någon gång under sin livstid innebär, förutom ett stort mänskligt lidande, att samhället står inför stora folkhälsopolitiska utmaningar att nå medborgarna med sina hälsofr

Land-use change and intensification threaten bee populations worldwide, imperilling pollination services. Global models are needed to better characterise, project, and mitigate bees' responses to these human impacts. The available data are, however, geographically and taxonomically unrepresentative; most data are from North America and Western Europe, overrepresenting bumblebees and raising concer

Morphogenesis in plants and animals involves large irreversible deformations. In plants, the response of the cell wall material to internal and external forces is determined by its mechanical properties. An appropriate model for plant tissue growth must include key features such as anisotropic and heterogeneous elasticity and cell dependent evaluation of mechanical variables such as turgor pressur

The periodic formation of plant organs such as leaves and flowers gives rise to intricate patterns that have fascinated biologists and mathematicians alike for hundreds of years [1]. The plant hormone auxin plays a central role in establishing these patterns by promoting organ formation at sites where it accumulates due to its polar, cell-to-cell transport [2-6]. Although experimental evidence as

Plant cells have two main modes of growth generating anisotropic structures. Diffuse growth where whole cell walls extend in specific directions, guided by anisotropically positioned cellulose fibers, and tip growth, with inhomogeneous addition of new cell wall material at the tip of the structure. Cells are known to regulate these processes via molecular signals and the cytoskeleton. Mechanical s

In their 2006 article on innovation in China in this journal, Gu and Lundvall pointed to some weaknesses and challenges for China’s growth and they also outlined ideas for policy action to overcome those. In this short note, written in collaboration with Sylvia Schwag Serger, they go back and assess China's social and economic development in the 10 years that followed in the light of their origina