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Dysfunctional water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) systems are mainly determined by poor water governance, exacerbating inequalities and poverty. Multi-stakeholder partnerships provide an approach to more flexible and adaptive governance to explore these problems. In this article, national commitments made to improve WaSH, made through the Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) partnership’s Mutual Ac

SNOW 3G is a stream cipher used as one of the standard algorithms for data confidentiality and integrity protection over the air interface in the 3G and 4G mobile communication systems. SNOW-V is a recent new version that was proposed as a candidate for inclusion in the 5G standard. In this paper, we propose a faster variant of SNOW-V, called SNOW-Vi, that can reach the targeted speeds for 5G in a

Moody et al. (2018) presented a unified model of information security policy compliance (UMISPC) to explain information systems security (ISS) behaviors. The model was empirically tested against 3 main types of security-related behavior: USB practices, not locking computers appropriately, and password issues. In this study, we present a conceptual replication of Moody et al. (2018) in order to pro

Resource recovery and reuse (RRR) of fecal sludge (FS) from onsite sanitation systems describes the concept of turning human waste into valuable end products. However, studies on peoples’ perceptions of FS-derived products are still limited. Guided by the knowledge, attitudes and practices framework, and data from a survey of 395 households, focus group discussions and key informant interviews, th

Traditional network architecture design of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) is incapable of dynamically scaling resources based on the served traffic and requires manual procedures for network capacity upgrades. Today's over-provisioning approach based on proprietary hardware (HW) would not be cost and energy efficient to cope with the ever-increasing scale of Internet of Things (IoT) devices

Groups associated to surfaces isogenous to a higher product of curves can be characterized by a purely group-theoretic condition, which is the existence of the so-called ramification structure. In this paper, we prove that infinitely many quotients of the Grigorchuk groups admit ramification structures. This gives the first explicit infinite family of 3-generated finite 2-groups with ramification

Larry Temkin has forcefully argued for the possibility that the value comparative “better than” is not transitive and that the betterness relation can be cyclical. Temkin uses so-called spectrum arguments to argue that the belief that “better than” is transitive is incompatible with other beliefs that are more intuitive, so we should conclude that “better than” is not transitive. I will argue that

In this contribution, a model for the thermomechanically coupled behaviour of case hardening steel is introduced with application to 16MnCr5 (1.7131). The model is based on a decomposition of the free energy into a thermo-elastic and a plastic part. Associated viscoplasticity, in terms of a temperature-depenent Perzyna-type power law, in combination with an isotropic von Mises yield function takes

Values, such as liberty and equality, are sometimes said to be incommensurable in the sense that their value cannot be reduced to a common measure. And options, such as studying to become a lawyer or studying to become a philosopher, are sometimes said to be incomparable in the sense that neither option seems to be at least as good as the other. These possibilities are thought to raise deep questi

BACKGROUND: Spending time in natural environments is beneficial for mental health and cognitive function. Unfortunately, many elderly citizens, who would potentially gain from these beneficial effects, have limited or no access to natural environments. Virtual reality may provide the experience of being present in a natural environment without the need of transportation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of

In this chapter, the authors highlight that the challenges related to managing modern projects are that the management problems have changed since traditional project management methods were developed. This calls for new project management methods, adapted to situations of rapid technological change and flexibility. The authors identify and highlight the limitations of both traditional and agile m

Cryptosystems based on the learning with errors (LWE) problem are assigned a security level that relates to the cost of generic algorithms for solving the LWE problem. This includes at least the so-called primal and dual lattice attacks. In this paper, we present an improvement of the dual lattice attack using an idea that can be traced back to work by Bleichenbacher. We present an improved distin

Objectives: Vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may both contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in SLE. We aimed to examine the association of demographic factors, SLE phenotype, therapy and vitamin D levels with MetS and insulin resistance. Methods: The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) enrolled patients recently diagnosed with SLE (<15 month

The comprehensive prehistoric settlement Uppåkra, lasting over a millennium,raises questions on how food supplies and local communities were agricultu­rally organized. Recent investigations of archaeobotanical remains from theregional center Uppåkra and several surrounding settlements have contribu­ted to new aspects of their agricultural relations. New patterns in consump­tion show that through i

Background: Burns are a global public health concern, with the majority of the disease burden affecting low- and middle-income countries. Yet, as suggested by previous publications, there is a widespread belief that literature about burns in low- and middle-income countries is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess with a scoping review, the extent of the literature output on burns in East Africa,

“Wet” eldercare facilities for people who age with long-term substance use problems and complex needs exist in several countries. Residents are accepted as active users of alcohol and drugs, and while the media has presented the permissive policies of the facilities in a positive light, others have described these policies as harmful. The aim of this article is to analyze residents' and staff memb

The roughly 600 km long Central Cordillera of Colombia shows a varied tectonic, magmatic, and exhumation history, despite the reasonably homogenous appearance concerning topography, outcropping lithologies, and strike. Here we show with new geo-thermochronological data the thermal evolution of the southern Central Cordillera since the Early Jurassic. Extensive Jurassic magmatism is recorded by U–P