Addressing the ultrafast coherent evolution of electronic wave functions has long been a goal of nonlinear x-ray physics. A first step toward this goal is the investigation of stimulated x-ray Raman scattering (SXRS) using intense pulses from an x-ray free-electron laser. Earlier SXRS experiments relied on signal amplification during pulse propagation through dense resonant media. By contrast, our

INTRODUCTION: First-trimester pregnancy risk evaluation facilitates individualised antenatal care, as well as application of preventive strategies for pre-eclampsia or birth of a small for gestational age infant. A range of early intervention strategies in pregnancies identified as high risk at the end of the first trimester has been shown to decrease the risk of preterm pre-eclampsia (

In relation to international obligations, under the Paris Climate Agreement and as a member state of the EU, Austria is expected to drastically cut carbon emissions over the coming years. In order to achieve this goal, measures to reduce emissions have to be taken in all sectors of the national economy. In this context it is interesting to note that to date it is widely unknown how much emissions

Diverse organisms use Earth's magnetic field as a cue in orientation and navigation. Nevertheless, eliciting magnetic orientation responses reliably, either in laboratory or natural settings, is often difficult. Many species appear to preferentially exploit non-magnetic cues if they are available, suggesting that the magnetic sense often serves as a redundant or 'backup' source of information. Thi

Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. To assess the benefits and harms of cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETT) (inflated or non-inflated) compared to uncuffed endotracheal tubes for respiratory support in neonates. We will compare the following comparisons. Cuffed ETT (inflated or not) versus uncuffed ETT: cuffed not inflated versus uncuffe

Graphene was shown to reveal intriguing properties of its relativistic two-dimensional electron gas; however, its implementation to microelectronic applications is missing to date. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of epitaxial graphene on technologically relevant and in a standard CMOS process achievable Ge(100) epilayers grown on Si(100) substrates. Crystalline graphene monolayer st

Background: Recent theories have linked autism to challenges in prediction learning and social cognition. It is unknown, however, how autism affects learning about threats from others "demonstrators"through observation, which contains predictive learning based on social information. The aims of this study are therefore to investigate social fear learning in individual with autism spectrum disorder

Questions: Changes in climate and herbivory pressure affect northern alpine ecosystems through woody plant encroachment, altering their composition, structure and functioning. The encroachment often occurs at unequal rates across heterogeneous landscapes, hinting at the importance of habitat-specific drivers that either hamper or facilitate woody plant establishment. Here, we assess: (1) the invas

Background: Although used extensively worldwide, the effects of general anaesthesia on the human brain remain largely elusive. Moreover, general anaesthesia may contribute to serious conditions or adverse events such as postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium. To understand the basic mechanisms of general anaesthesia, this project aims to study and compare possible de novo neuroplastic ch

Individuals with cancer may be at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and adverse outcomes. However, evidence from large population-based studies examining whether cancer and cancer-related therapy exacerbates the risk of COVID-19 infection is still limited. Data were collected from the COVID Symptom Study smartphone application since March 29 through May 8, 2020. Among 23,266 partic

Dodecane was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog nonane (CAS # 111-84-2) show that dodecane is not expected to be genotoxic. Data on read-across analog undecane (CAS # 1120-21-4) provide a calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE)

The nuclear architecture describes the organization of the various compartments in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where a plethora of processes such as nucleocytoplasmic transport, gene expression, and assembly of ribosomal subunits occur in a dynamic manner. During the different phases of the cell cycle, in post-mitotic cells and after oncogenic transformation, rearrangements of the nuclear arcThe nuclear architecture describes the organization of the various compartments in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where a plethora of processes such as nucleocytoplasmic transport, gene expression, and assembly of ribosomal subunits occur in a dynamic manner. During the different phases of the cell cycle, in post-mitotic cells and after oncogenic transformation, rearrangements of the nuclear arc

The emergence of new high brilliance and high coherence facilities such as X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) and 4th generation synchrotrons open a new era in X-ray optics. Dynamical diffraction effects before disregarded are starting to play a role in the beam control of large scale facilities. In the case of XFEL facilities the temporal characteristics of the dynamical diffraction by thin perfe

Large-eddy simulation with a finite-rate chemistry model is carried out to investigate the formation of soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the dual-fuel spray combustion. Liquid n-heptane is injected into a constant volume chamber, filled with a premixed methanol–air mixture with an equivalence ratio (ϕm) of 0.3. Three dual-fuel cases are simulated under initial temperatures of 900, 950 and 1000 K.

This work represents a detailed investigation of combustion and oxidation of methyl-3-hexenoate (CAS Number 2396-78-3), including experimental studies of combustion and oxidation characteristics, quantum chemistry calculations and kinetic model refinement. Following experiments have been carried out: Speciation measurements during oxidation in a jet-stirred reactor at 1 atm; chemical speciation me