The Historical Varieties of Democracy dataset (Historical V-Dem) contains about 260 indicators, both factual and evaluative, describing various aspects of political regimes and state institutions. The dataset covers 91 polities globally – including most large, sovereign states, as well as some semi-sovereign entities and large colonies – from 1789 to 1920 for many cases. The majority of the indica

Measurements of the differential production of electrons from open-heavy-flavor hadrons with charm- and bottom-quark content in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV are presented. The measurements proceed through displaced-vertex analyses of electron tracks from the semileptonic decay of charm and bottom hadrons using the PHENIX silicon-vertex detector. The relative contribution of electrons from bottom de

A search for a pair of neutral, scalar bosons with each decaying into two W bosons is presented using 36.1 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. This search uses three production models: non-resonant and resonant Higgs boson pair production and resonant production of a pair of heavy scalar particles.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are not only essential during manufacturing operations. Also during the development phases of product and manufacturing system, where future performance of the operational order-to-delivery-process is set, KPIs are important to consider. This paper introduces "enabling indicators" that can be analyzed or assessed in early phases of product and manufacturing develo

EPA (entrustable professional activities) avser aktiviteter som ingår i en läkares dagliga arbete och som läkaren ska klara med en definierad grad av självständighet första dagen som legitimerad läkare.En modell för att träna och bedöma sådana aktiviteter kan säkerställa att studenter klarar av det faktiska arbete som ska utföras första dagen efter legitimation, och den tydliggör också progressionEntrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) define observable key tasks that a doctor should be able to do independently after having completed a certain level of education. Progression is facilitated by frequent assessments of the defined activities, with increased degree of independence. The observations should be supported by constructive feed-forward. EPA is currently used in several countries

This text provides a brief overview of the principles of enzymatic lipid conversion and some recent advances in the enzymatic conversion of glycerophospholipids and galactolipids. Lipases and phospholipases are used to exchange fatty acids or the polar group in the lipids. The reactions can be carried out either as hydrolysis-esterification sequences or as one-step transferase reactions. The scope

A variety of alkyl and aryl glycosides were investigated as substrates for almond β-glucosidase catalysed synthesis of hexyl-β-D-glycosides in low aqueous hexanol media. The rate-limiting step in the organic media was determined to be the glycosylation of the enzyme. The kinetic constants V max , K m (glycosyl donor) and V max /K m were all influenced by the water activity and they all increased

Five different β-glycosidases (Pyrococcus furiosus β-glucosidase, Sulfolobus solfataricus β-galactosidase, Caldocellum saccharolyticum β-glucosidase, almond β-glucosidase and Escherichia coli β-galactosidase) were evaluated as transglycosylation catalysts in hexanol containing various amounts of water. All enzymes catalysed both hydrolysis and transglycosylation of the glycosidic substrates (penty

The stereoselective reduction of ketones catalysed by alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobium brockii was studied in different reaction media, hexane at controlled water activities, hexane with 2.5% water (biphasic) and pure water. The reactions were studied in the temperature range from -1 to 50°C. Increasing the water activity from 0.53 to 0.97 increased the reaction rate 16-fold. The rate w

The usefulness of different reaction systems for enzymatic peptide synthesis was evaluated by studying the formation of a dipeptide from equimolar amounts of acyl-donor and acyl-acceptor. α-Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1.), dissolved or deposited on celite,was used for the synthesis of Ac-Phe-Ala-NH2 from Ac-Phe-OEt and H-Ala-NH2. Reactions were carried out at room temperature (≃ 25°C), if not otherwis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of the use of standards and modularity for improving responsiveness in the humanitarian context. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a conceptual framework and a systematic literature review, the authors conducted a longitudinal, explorative case on the Emergency Response Unit (ERU) concept in the International Federation of Red C

PurposeUganda is one of many African countries struggling to develop adequate healthcare, particularly in regard to local treatment and access to drugs. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of how reducing supply-chain complexity can improve health in developing countries. Design/methodology/approachThis study and evaluation included 50 interviews and 27 site visits of t

Purpose - Distribution arrangements are becoming increasingly complex and dynamic in business as well as in consumer markets. The purpose of the present paper is to explore and discuss the theoretical frameworks available to interpret these distribution arrangements, to uncover how they are interrelated and to suggest extensions. Design/methodology/approach - A survey of extant research is underta

Purpose - Logisticians have always viewed standards as solutions for improving operational compatibility and coordination. This paper aims to contribute to a greater understanding of how standards, upon which logistics systems are designed, developed and coordinated, interact with each other and with other resources in a logistics network for the purpose of improving efficiency and effectiveness.

The activity of a horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalysed reduction of cyclohexanone was investigated by using a central composite circumscribed design in which two parameters (pH and cyclohexanone concentration) were varied. By log transformation of the substrate concentration an adequate model could be obtained from which reliable kinetic constants and pH profiles were determined.

Construction is claimed to be fragmented, contract focused, short sighted and characterised by price competition. These are typical aspects of what is considered the traditional market approach where each company is seen as autonomous and transaction oriented towards others. During the last few decades, numerous theoretical approaches have questioned these assumptions. Studies also on construction