The integrated assessment modeling on acid rain has incorporated several related effects and pollutants into a multi-pollutant/multi-effect approach, resulting in complex integrated models and policy assessments. The development and implementation of effects-oriented cost-effective emission reduction strategies in Europe are based on integrated assessment models. The project on national integrated

This paper presents results which show that the interaction between two phenolic acids, p-coumaric and caffeic acid, with iron results in the formation of meta-stable colloidal nano particles. The particles are characterized with dynamic light scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the nanoparticle formation is an important feature of phenolic acids which is li

With the ever increasing amount of genomic data available, the interest for generating biochemical pathways has grown tremendously. So far, mainly complete genomes have been used to reconstruct the biochemical pathways and their associated interactions. However, a large number of low coverage genomes, as well as other sources of partial genomic data, are currently available for many organisms. In

Background: Contact allergy to and allergic contact dermatitis from methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) have been frequently reported since the 1990s. Objective: This study was initiated to help determine the optimal test preparation for MDBGN and to help determine the clinical relevance of such a contact allergy. Method. In 38 patients with positive (32 patients) or doubtful (6 patients) patch-te

The aim of this study was to review randomised controlled trials on integrated and coordinated interventions targeting frail elderly people living in the community, their outcome measurements and their effects on the client, the caregiver and healthcare utilisation. A literature search of PubMed, AgeLine, Cinahl and AMED was carried out with the following inclusion criteria: original article; inte

A molecular theory is presented for the field-dependent spin-lattice relaxation time of water in tissue. The theory attributes the large relaxation enhancement observed at low frequencies to intermediary protons in labile groups or internal water molecules that act as relaxation sinks for the bulk water protons. Exchange of intermediary protons not only transfers magnetization to bulk water proton

This paper reports the results of a test involving twelve users of different haptic audio navigational tools for non-visual virtual environments. Analysis of the test results confirms the usefulness of a constant attractive force as well as of haptic fixtures to help users locate objects in a virtual environment. The 3D audio turned out to be less useful due to the design of the environment. Howev

The present study involves the synthesis of sulfonated poly(3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane), sPTMPO, by end-capping the hydroxy-groups in the PTMPO with 1,4-butane sultone. A series of the polymer with different degrees of substitution was investigated. Furthermore, the subsequent use of the sulfonated PTMPO as the acidic component in proton conducting membranes was explored. The membranes were

Inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) have been suggested for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, autoimmune diseases, Plasmodium, and bacterial and fungal infections. Here we present the structures of N-terminally truncated (residues Met30-Arg396) DHODH in complex with two inhibitors: a brequinar analogue (6) and a novel inhibitor (a fenamic acid derivative) (7), as wel

This article reports three experiments that investigated the relation between perceptual fluency and non-analytic processing in artificial grammar learning classification. Non-analytic processing was manipulated by invoking response time restrictions. In Experiment 1 there were no response time restrictions for classification decisions (response time: M = 5950 ms), Experiment 2 invoked a response

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have relevant positive and negative impacts on environmental sustainability on various levels: First-order effects such as increasing electronic waste streams; second-order effects such as improved energy-efficiency of production; third-order effects such as a product-to-service shift in consumption or rebound effects in transport. In the simulation

Three NUP98 chimaeras have previously been reported in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL): NUP98/ADD3, NUP98/CCDC28A, and NUP98/RAP1GDS1. We report a T-ALL with t(11;18)(p15;q12) resulting in a novel NUP98 fusion. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation showed NUP98 and SET binding protein 1(SETBP1) fusion signals; other analyses showed that exon 12 of NUP98 was fused in-frame with exon 5 of S

We present a study of tip-enhanced Raman scattering on Au aerosol nanoparticles deposited on gold films. Under the tunneling current state, the Au tip and the Au aerosol nanoparticle form a narrow cavity, where large electromagnetic field enhancements are created to enhance Raman scattering enormously. Colorless p-thiocresol molecules are used as probe molecules. The estimated Raman enhancement is

Cytotoxic eosinophil granule proteins are considered important in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases such as rhinitis and asthma. To explore the cellular mechanisms behind eosinophil granule release in human allergic airways, 16 symptom-free patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were challenged daily with allergen during 1 wk. Nasal lavage samples and biopsies, obtained before and 24

The management of patients with inhibitors is an important challenge in haemophilia care. The lack of randomized controlled trials means that clinical decisions are generally based on subjective opinions, and purchasers' attention is likely to focus on the costs of treatment. In order to assess the current management of inhibitor patients and use of immune tolerance induction therapy (ITI) in Euro

There is a need to develop the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose for production of ethanol from biomass. In recent years the inhibitory effects of lignin in lignocellulosic substrates has been the focus of several studies. This points to the importance of understanding the interactions between cellulose degrading enzymes and lignin. Surface active substances have been shown to adsorb to lignin sur