Excited-state proton transfer has been hypothesized as a mechanism for UV energy dissipation in eumelanin skin pigments. By using time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, we show that the previously proposed, but unresolved, excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of the eumelanin building block 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) occurs with a time constant of 300 fs in aqu

Modelers seeking to help inform decisions about insurance (public or private) coverage of the cost of pharmaceuticals or other health care interventions face various methodological challenges. In this review, which is not meant to be comprehensive, we cover those that in our experience are most vexing. The biggest challenge is getting decision makers to trust the model. This is a major problem bec

The superfamily of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases is comprised of 11 gene families. By hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP, PDEs are major determinants in the regulation of intracellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling pathways. Two PDE3 subfamilies, PDE3A and PDE3B, have been described. PDE3A and PDE3B hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP with high affinity in a mutu

Haemophilus influenzae serotype f (Hif) is an etiologic agent of bacterial invasive disease. Here, we report the first annotated genome sequence of the Hif strain KR494, which was isolated from a patient suffering from sepsis and necrotizing myositis. The genome sequence will increase the understanding of Hif pathogenesis.

En normativ analys av argument för ett land att "gå före" i klimatarbetet.

Abstract in Undetermined There has been an increasing interest in applying GIS into health and healthcare research in recent years.4,5 However, this increasing interest has not yet been gauged. In order to address this, the current study was performed to examine the crude number and the annual rate of papers with ‘Geographic Information Systems’ among their MeSH Terms in PubMed (a free database wh

We present azimuthal anisotropy measurements in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at and 200 GeV. Comparison between reaction plane and cumulant v2 measurements in Au+Au collisions at GeV shows that non-flow contributions, originating mainly from jets, influence the extracted v2 for pT 3.5 GeV/c. Number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling of v2, when studied as a function of transverse kinetic energy KET,

Objective To describe the clinical history and ultrasound findings in women with ovarian Sertoli cell, Sertoli-Leydig cell and Leydig cell tumors. Methods Women with a histological diagnosis of Sertoli cell tumor, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor or Leydig cell tumor who bad undergone preoperative ultrasound examination were identified from the databases of each of three participating ultrasound centers.

The size of the anisotropic domains in a lyotropic liquid crystal is estimated using a new protocol for diffusion NMR. Echo attenuation decays are recorded for different durations of the displacement-encoding gradient pulses, while keeping the effective diffusion time and the range of the wave vectors constant. Deviations between the sets of data appear if there are non-Gaussian diffusion processe

Apolipoprotein M (apoM), a 25 kDa plasma protein, is found in all major lipoprotein classes, although the majority is found in high density lipoproteins (HDL). ApoM has been suggested to be involved in the formation of and adding to the antiatherogenic functions of HDL, but its function is still not completely known. ApoM has been suggested to be a lipokalin. By studies in vitro using recombinant

Question: What are the evolutionary consequences of extinctions in ecological communities? Can evolution restore pre-extinction communities by replacing lost ecological strategies with similar ones, or will communities change in fundamental ways and never be the same again? Mathematical approach: We develop and explore a new framework based on evolutionary domains of attraction (EDAs), defined as

BACKGROUND: There are two principal types of group O alleles; deletional alleles feature 261delG leading to nonfunctional truncated protein. Nondeletional alleles have the consensus guanosine at residue 261. The major nondeletional allele, O-2, encodes full-length protein with Gly268Arg. While reports vary, O-2 has been proposed to encode weakly functional A-glycosyltransferase (GTA). The main obj