Fix some p∈ [0 , 1] and a positive integer n. The discrete Bak–Sneppen model is a Markov chain on the space of zero-one sequences of length n with periodic boundary conditions. At each moment of time a minimum element (typically, zero) is chosen with equal probability, and it is then replaced alongside both its neighbours by independent Bernoulli(p) random variables. Let ν(n)(p) be the probability

Massive bird migration across continents and seas is one of the most spectacular phenomena in nature, involving billions of birds annually. In the autumn, most birds on migration are juveniles migrating for the first time while adults are repeating their migrations. Migration syndrome in individual bird migrants involves multiple behavioural, morphological and physiological adaptations, and migrat

Pulmonary vasodilator therapy is still often an off-label treatment for pulmonary hypertension in children. The aim of this nationwide register-based study was to assess patient characteristics and strategies for pulmonary vasodilator therapy in young Swedish children. Prescription information for all children below seven years of age at treatment initiation, between 2007 and 2017, was retrieved f

Background: Nail psoriasis (NP) is common and of high importance in patients with psoriasis. Complete resolution of NP at week 24‒26 is an unambiguous nail outcome accessible for indirect treatment comparison of biologics. Objective: To evaluate the comparative efficacy of approved biologics in achieving complete resolution of NP at week 24‒26. Methods: A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a lethal malignancy characterized by poor response to conventional therapies. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses of this tumor type are limited, and we therefore interrogated eight ATCs using WGS and RNA sequencing. Five out of eight cases (63%) displayed cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) abnormalities, either copy number loss (n = 4) or trunca

Questions: Hydrological niche segregation is widespread and has been found across a range of different habitats. Different plant species can occupy distinct hydrological niches, and as a result fine-scale variability in hydrology can structure plant communities. However, these patterns may not be as clear in habitats where differences in hydrology are more short-lived, such as coastal dune slacks.

This study aimed to experimentally examine how riverbed drying and different rates of water level reduction influenced the vertical movement of amphipods of various sizes into different subsurface sediment compositions. Using sediment columns (mesocosms) filled with different sized transparent substrates, we explored how varying speeds of drawdown affected vertical movement and stranding of indivi

Recent high-profile analyses of trajectories and prognoses of ecosystem decline around the world have called for a renewed focus on embedding the values of the natural world across all areas of public policy. This paper reports the results of a UK-based deliberative process involving experts from a wide range of policy domains and across societal sectors: government departments, associated agencie

We report Coulomb blockade transport studies of semiconducting InAs nanowires grown with epitaxial superconducting Al and ferromagnetic insulator EuS on overlapping facets. Comparing experiment to a theoretical model, we associate cotunneling features in even-odd bias spectra with spin-polarized Andreev levels. Results are consistent with zero-field spin splitting exceeding the induced superconduc

Demonstration of Majorana non-Abelian properties is a major challenge in the field of topological superconductivity. In this work, we propose a minimal device and protocol for testing non-Abelian properties using charge-transfer operations between a quantum dot and two Majorana bound states combined with reading the parity state using a second dot. We use an adiabatic perturbation theory to find f

This article explores how the Swedish historian Birgitta Odén (1921–2016) sought to launch an interdisciplinary environmental research program in the late 1960s. Odén’s objective was to make history useful for political decision making, yet the research program never received any substantial funding. This article argues that the analytical concept of circulation of knowledge offers a fruitful way

We report on an optical investigation of the pyrolysis and photolysis of trimethylindium (TMIn) as a typical metalorganic precursor for functional nanowire growth, aiming at an in-depth understanding of the governing chemistry and optimization of aerosol-based (aerotaxy) and epitaxial growth processes. A flow reactor with special consideration given to optical access was built to provide the chemi

Suicide attempts are considered one of the most important risk factors for suicide. Based on this, various psychotherapeutic treatments for persons after a suicide attempt have been developed and evaluated in recent years. In this article, the current state of efficacy research is outlined, examples of successful suicide-focused psychotherapies are presented, and the current state of research and

Most recent programming languages include a collection framework as part of their standard library (or runtime). Examples are Java, C#, Python and Ruby. The Java Collection Framework provides a number of collection classes, some of which implement the same abstract data type, which makes them interchangeable. Developers can therefore choose between several functionally equivalent options. Since co

Sweden aspires to become ‘the best in the world at utilizing the opportunities of digitalization’ and is internationally recognized for its digital performance. Education has been identified as instrumental for the digital transformation of Swedish society, and efforts are made to accelerate the digitalization of the educational system. As governments’ demands for digitalization get increasingly l