Inspired by the flow description of su(N) colour calculations, we recently showed how to simplify the spinor-helicity formalism (at the algebra level two copies of complexified su(2)) by treating each Weyl spinor as part of a flow line with definite chirality and momentum. This formalism, dubbed the chirality-flow formalism, eliminates all non-trivial algebra from tree-level spinor-helicity calcul

Encapsulating reacting biological or chemical samples in microfluidic droplets has the great advantage over single-phase flows of providing separate reaction compartments. These compartments can be filled in a combinatoric way and prevent the sample from adsorbing to the channel walls. In recent years, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in combination with microfluidics has evolved as a nanoscale

Charge transfer states in blends of organic semiconductors have significant importance for the functioning of organic optoelectronic devices, but are also interesting from the perspective of fundamental research as many of their properties as well as their influence on the photophysics of the material are not yet completely understood. We report on a time-resolved photoluminescence study of the ph

NRAS and its effector BRAF are frequently mutated in melanoma. Paradoxically, CRAF but not BRAF was shown to be critical for various RAS-driven cancers, raising the question of the role of RAF proteins in NRAS-induced melanoma. Here, using conditional ablation of Raf genes in NRAS-induced mouse melanoma models, we investigate their contribution in tumour progression, from the onset of benign tumou

The trend for the design of the magnet system for modern synchrotron light sources is moving towards smaller magnet apertures with a reduction of the magnet dimensions as a consequence. There are several reasons for this: to increase the number of focusing cells in a given ring circumpherence to increase the multipole field strengths to reduce the total cost of the magnet and vacuum-systems. This

X-ray parametric amplification is a high order parametric process with the capability to amplify ultrashort laser pulses with broad spectrum ranging from the extreme ultraviolet to the soft x-ray. In this contribution, the dynamics of this broadband amplification schema is studied with sub-20-as temporal resolution by seeding the amplifier with a train of 200-as-long pulses at 11 nm central wavele

The MITF transcription factor and the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are two interconnected main players in melanoma. Understanding how MITF activity is regulated represents a key question since its dynamic modulation is involved in the phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells and their resistance to therapy. By investigating the role of ARAF in NRAS-driven mouse melanoma through mass spectrometry experim

Because global sea level during the last interglacial (LIG; 130–115 ka) was higher than today, the LIG is a useful analogue for improving predictions of future sea level rise. Here, we synthesize sea level proxies for the LIG in the glaciated Northern Hemisphere for inclusion in the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database. We describe 82 sites from Russia, northern Europe, Gre

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widespread synthetic substances with various adverse health effects. A potential mechanism of toxicity for PFASs is via epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation. Previous studies have evaluated associations between PFAS exposure and DNA methylation among newborns and adults. However, no study has evaluated how PFASs influence DNA methylation among children

Preventing the immune escape of tumor cells by blocking inhibitory checkpoints, such as the interaction between programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor, is a powerful anticancer approach. However, many patients do not respond to checkpoint blockade. Tumor PD-L1 expression is a potential efficacy biomarker, but the complex mechanisms underlying its regulation are no

The production of prompt charmed mesons D0, D+ and D∗+, and their antiparticles, was measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair, (Formula presented.) , of 2.76 TeV. The production yields for rapidity |y| < 0.5 are presented as a function of transverse momentum, pT, in the interval 1–36 GeV/c for the centrality class 0–10% and in the interval

Multi-particle azimuthal cumulants are measured as a function of centrality and transverse momentum using 470 μb−1 of Pb+Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. These cumulants provide information on the event-by-event fluctuations of harmonic flow coefficients vn and correlated fluctuations between two harmonics vn and vm. For the first time, a non-zero four-particle c

The production of prompt Ds+ mesons was measured for the first time in collisions of heavy nuclei with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The analysis was performed on a data sample of Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair, (Formula presented.) , of 2.76 TeV in two different centrality classes, namely 0–10% and 20–50%. Ds+ mesons and their antiparticles were reconstructed at mid