Disease can have severe impact on animal populations, especially in rare species. Baseline data for atypical host species are missing for a range of infectious diseases, although such hosts are potentially more affected than the normal vectors and reservoir species. If highly pathogenic avian influenza strikes rare birds of prey, this may have crucial impact on the predator species itself, but als

Many zoonotic diseases have birds as their natural hosts. Waterfowl are the natural hosts of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and most avian influenza infections of wild birds appear mild, with infected inviduals displaying no or few symptoms. It is clear that the epidemiology of avian influenza cannot be fully understood without taking the ecology of its hosts into account. However, large scale stu

With the present demand on fast and inexpensive aerosol source apportionment methods, the Aethalometer model was evaluated for a full seasonal cycle (June 2014–June 2015) at a rural atmospheric measurement station in southern Sweden by using radiocarbon and levoglucosan measurements. By utilizing differences in absorption of UV and IR, the Aethalometer model apportions carbon mass into wood burnin

A hallmark of disease is that most pathogens are able to infect more than one host species. However, for most pathogens, we still have a limited understanding of how this affects epidemiology, persistence and virulence of infections—including several zoonotic pathogens that reside in wild animal reservoirs and spillover into humans. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge of mallard (Anas

How and why do institutional architectures, and the roles of private institutions therein, differ across separate areas of climate governance? Here, institutional complexity is explained in terms of the problem-structural characteristics of an issue area and the associated demand for, and supply of, private authority. These characteristics can help explain the degree of centrality of intergovernme

The primary purpose of this work was to study and analyze the MSB's training with respect to building fire protection and propose changes in training. The area studied is operational aspects of building fire protection, ie how this protection affects the ability to implement effective response from fire service organizations. The main conclusions were that the training must distinguish between new

The objective of the present work was to create a basis for further development on training for part-time firefighters. An important prerequisite of this work was that to the general public a firefighter is a firefighter and operations are expected to be conducted in the same manner, with similar efficiency and with good result, regardless of the type of resources arriving at the scene of an accid

This report summarizes the work in practically determining how frequently used aerosol- and propane containers are affected at fire exposure from flammable liquids. The tested aerosol- and propane containers were chosen due to common appearance in ordinary grocery- and hardware stores. The tested aerosol containers had a volume range between 15- 400 ml and the propane containers were filled with 0

The purpose of this work was to experimentally examine the importance of safety devices (pressure valve and melting fuse) on propane bottles for consumer use (5 – 6 kg propane). The bottles tested included construction types based on composite (PK5, two different types), aluminum (PA6), and steel (P6). Bottles were tested with and without safety devices. The tests were made as a comparative study.