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BACKGROUND: The Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert-Ultra) assay provides timely results with good sensitivity and acceptable specificity with stool specimens in children for bacteriological confirmation of tuberculosis (TB). This study aims to optimize the Simple One-Step (SOS) stool processing method for testing stool specimens using the Xpert-Ultra in children and adults in selected health facilities in

INTRODUCTION: Successful treatment of tuberculosis depends to a large extent on good adherence to treatment regimens, which relies on directly observed treatment (DOT). This in turn requires frequent visits to health facilities. High costs to patients, stigma and burden to the health system challenged the DOT approach. Digital adherence technologies (DATs) have emerged as possibly more feasible al

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major medical and public health problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Its control program is currently being challenged by the spread of drug-resistant TB, which is the result of poor treatment outcomes. Hence, this study assessed poor adult TB treatment outcomes and associated factors in Gibe Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. An

BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk of developing TB, but the best screening algorithm for early detection and treatment of TB remains unknown. Our objective was to determine if combining routine chest X-ray screening could have a better yield compared with symptom-based screening alone.METHODS: We conducted this cross-sectional study between September 2020 and S

Early detection of breast cancer is important to reduce morbidity and mortality. Access to breast imaging is limited in low- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries. This contributes to advance-stage breast cancer presentation with poor survival. Pocket-sized portable ultrasound device, also known as point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), aided by decision support using deep learn

How do politicians use moral appeals in their rhetoric? Previous research suggests that morality plays an important role in elite communication and that the endorsement of specific values varies systematically across the ideological spectrum. We argue that this view is incomplete since it only focuses on whether certain values are endorsed and not how they are contextualized by politicians. Using

Power dissipation has been the major challenge in the downscaling of transistor technology. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) have struggled to keep a low power consumption while still maintaining a high performance due to the low carrier mobilities of Si but also due to their inherent minimum inverse subthreshold slope (S ≥ 60 mV/dec) which is limited by thermionic emis

As all life on this planet evolves around water, it is important for our bodies to be able to regulate it. This may be done passively, but just like with water in the ocean, if we were to rely solely on passive transport (such as evaporation), the flow of water would be too slow for biological functions to uphold the homeostasis that is so important for us to survive. All organisms have thus devel

AbstractThe present compilation thesis is divided into two sections, one for each of two separate methodological issues: reduction of random errors in mortality estimates and offsetting random variation related bias in data generated estimators of risk inequalities.Summary of section AIn regard to the first issue a new family of survival functions is proposed. Its purpose is to provide valid and rThe present compilation thesis is divided into two sections, one for each of two separate methodological issues: reduction of random errors in mortality estimates and offsetting random variation related bias in data generated estimators of risk inequalities. Summary of section A In regard to the first issue a new family of survival functions is proposed. Its purpose is to provide valid and reliabl